西双版纳自然保护区白僵菌属虫生真菌多样性

doi:10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2018.04.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为掌握西双版纳自然保护区内白僵菌属虫生真菌资源，为害虫生防真菌资源及生防制剂开发提供依据，本研究于2016年11月-2018年1月，对云南西双版纳自然保护区白僵菌属虫生真菌资源进行了系统调查，采用形态和分子测序技术进行白僵菌种类鉴定，并用物种多度、Shannon-Wiener指数H和Pielou均匀度指数对白僵菌属虫生真菌物种多样性和生境及海拔分布特征进行了研究。结果表明，在西双版纳自然保护区设置的60个样方中共采集白僵菌属虫生真菌侵染罹病虫体207头，经过分离培养和鉴定获得白僵菌属虫生真菌5种，分别为球孢白僵菌、布氏白僵菌、多形白僵菌、B.loeiensis和猫棒白僵菌，其中球孢白僵菌为优势种，相对多度为91.3%，其次为布氏白僵菌，其相对多度为6.3%，B.loeiensis相对多度为1.44%，多形白僵菌和猫棒白僵菌相对多度相同均为0.48%。从白僵菌属虫生真菌种类的生境分布特征来看，热带石灰岩山季雨林和热带季风常绿阔叶林白僵菌的种类、数量及寄主昆虫的多样性均高于热带丛生竹林和热带季雨林保护区。从白僵菌属虫生真菌种类的海拔分布特征来看，低海拔区白僵菌物种数和菌株数均明显高于高海拔和中海拔区，且低海拔区Shannon-Wiener指数均较高于中海拔和高海拔区，而均匀度从高到低依次是低海拔、高海拔和中海拔。

关键词: 白僵菌, 虫生真菌, 生物多样性, 西双版纳自然保护区, 生物防治

Abstract: To establish the Beauveria resources in the Xishuangbanna Nature Reserve for the development of pests biocontrol agents, from November 2016 to January 2018, we systematically collected the Beauveria resources in the four tropical forests in the Reserve at 60 sampling spots. Morphological and molecular sequencing techniques were used to identify the species. The species diversity, habitat and altitude distribution were analyzed using species abundance, Shannon-Wiener index H and Pielou evenness index. A total of 207 infected pests were collected, from which 5 Beauveria species, including B. bassiana, B. brongniartii, B. amorpha, B. loeiensis,and B. feline were identified. B. bassiana was the dominant species of relative abundance 91.3%, followed by B. brongniartii of relative abundance 6.3%, B. loeiensis of relative abundance 1.44%, and B. amorpha and B. felina of relative abundance 0.48%. In view of habitat distribution, the Beauveria species distributed more in the tropical limestone monsoon forest and tropical monsoon evergreen broad-leaf forest than in tropical bamboo and protected monsoon areas. Along altitude, Beauveria species and strains distributed more at low altitude areas than at high-altitude and mid-altitude areas. The Shannon-Wiener index were higher in low altitude areas than in high-altitude and mid-altitude areas, and the evenness index ranked from high to low were low-altitude, high-altitude and mid-altitude.

Key words: Beauveria, entomogenous fungi, biodiversity, Xishuangbanna Nature Reserve, biological control

中图分类号:

S476.1

李亦菲, 郑亚强, 徐天梅, LOINHEUANG Chanhom, PHANGTHAVONG Souksamone, 谢志福, 苏造堂, 樊清艳, 陈斌. 西双版纳自然保护区白僵菌属虫生真菌多样性[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2018, 34(4): 559-567.

LI Yifei, ZHENG Yaqiang, XU Tianmei, LOINHEUANG Chanhom, PHANGTHAVONG Souksamone, XIE Zhifu, SU Zaotang, FAN Qingyan, CHEN Bin. Diversity of Entomogenous Fungi of Beauveria in the Xishuangbanna Nature Reserve[J]. journal1, 2018, 34(4): 559-567.

参考文献

[1] 蒲哲龙, 李增智. 昆虫真菌学[M]. 合肥:安徽科学技术出版社, 1996, 297-304.
[2] Inglis G D, Goettel M S, Butt T M, et al. Use of Hyphomycetous Fungi for Managing Insect Pests[M]//Butt T M, Jackson C, Magan N. Fungi as Biocontrol Agents. Wallingford:CABI Publishing, 2001, 23-69.
[3] 李增智, 黄勃, 陈名君, 等. 分子时代的白僵菌研究[J]. 菌物学报, 2011, 30(6):823-835.
[4] 刘春来. 昆虫病原真菌在农林害虫生物防治中的应用[J]. 黑龙江农业科学, 2017(3):68-73.
[5] 李月, 姜春杰, 赵宇鹰, 等. 虫生真菌在林业害虫生物防治中的应用[J]. 吉林农业, 2017(8):64-65.
[6] Zimmermann G. Review on safety of the entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana and Beauveria brongniartii[J]. Biocontrol Science and Technology, 2007, 17(6):553-596.
[7] Shimazu M, Tsuchiya D, Sato H, et al. Microbial control of Monochamus alternatus Hope (Coleoptera:Cerambycidae) by application of nonwoven fabric strips with Beauveria bassiana (Deuteromycotina:Hyphomycetes) on infested tree trunks[J]. Applied Entomology and Zoology, 1995, 30(1):207-213.
[8] 李增智, 韩宝瑜, 樊美珍, 等. 应用球孢白僵菌防治马尾松毛虫的策略及其生物多样性基础的研究[J]. 应用生态学报, 1998, 9(5):503-510.
[9] 丁德贵, 樊美珍, 李增智, 等. 接种式施放白僵菌防治马尾松毛虫技术方案的灰色决策[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2005, 21(2):95-98.
[10] 陈立玲, 张庆贺, 薛争, 等. 吉林省玉米螟生物防治现状与展望[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2015, 31(4):561-567.
[11] Wakil W, Usman G M, Yasin M. Naturally occurring entomopathogenic fungi infecting stored grain insect species in Punjab, Pakistan[J]. Journal of Insect Science, 2014, 14(1):182.
[12] 张玉波, 王晓蕾, 樊美珍, 等. 马尾松林生态系中虫生真菌及其寄主的多样性和消长动态的研究[J]. 安徽农业大学学报, 2007, 34(3):342-347.
[13] 陈名君, 黄勃, 王蒙, 等. 琅琊山虫生真菌物种多样性和季节变化[J]. 应用生态学报, 2007, 18(9):2075-2079.
[14] 杜连祥, 路福平. 微生物学实验技术[M]. 北京:中国轻工业出版社, 2000, 23-24.
[15] 李焕宇, 付婷婷, 张云, 等. 5种方法提取真菌基因组DNA作为PCR模板效果的比较[J]. 中国农学通报, 2017, 33(16):28-35.
[16] Kumar S, Stecher G, Tamura K. MEGA7:molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 7.0 for bigger datasets[J]. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 2016, 33(7):1870.
[17] Yu G, Smith D K, Zhu H, et al. ggtree:an r package for visualization and annotation of phylogenetic trees with their covariates and other associated data[J]. Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 2017(8):28-36.
[18] 唐启义, 冯明光. 实用统计分析及其DPS数据处理系统(DPS Data Processing System for Practical Statistics)[M]. 北京:科学出版社, 2002, 367-386.
[19] 张美庆, 王幼珊, 邢礼军. 我国东、南沿海地区AM真菌群落生态分布研究[J]. 菌物系统, 1998(3):274-277.
[20] 赵志模. 群落生态学原理与方法[M]. 上海:科学技术文献出版社, 1990, 986.
[21] Ariyawansa H A, Hyde K D, Jayasiri S C, et al. Fungal diversity notes 111-252-taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to fungal taxa[J]. Fungal Diversity, 2015, 75(1):152.
[22] 李增智. 白僵菌的分类和鉴定[C]. 中国虫生真菌研究与应用, 1991, 90.
[23] 陈名君, 刘玉军, 周娜, 等. 皇甫山虫生真菌物种多样性研究[J]. 安徽农业大学学报, 2009, 36(4):564-567.
[24] 周家喜, 邹晓, 周叶鸣. 尧人山国家森林公园虫生真菌资源初步调查[J]. 江苏农业科学, 2017, 45(18):244-248.
[25] 王滨, 丁德贵, 樊美珍, 等. 白僵菌生物防治林中虫生真菌群落结构分析[J]. 应用生态学报, 2005, 16(12):2357-2360.
[26] 王四宝, 刘竞男, 黄勃, 等. 大别山地区虫生真菌群落结构与生态分布[J]. 菌物学报, 2004, 23(2):195-203.
[27] 李文英, 贺运春, 王建明, 等. 山西省虫生真菌生态多样性研究[J]. 生物多样性, 2003, 11(1):53-58.
[28] 李文英, 贺运春, 王建明, 等. 庞泉沟自然保护区虫生真菌资源调查[J]. 林业科学研究, 2003, 16(3):339-342.
[29] Rehner S A, Minnis A M, Sung G H, et al. Phylogeny and systematics of the anamorphic, entomopathogenic genus Beauveria[J]. Mycologia, 2011, 103(5):1055-1073.