西藏横斑瓢虫生物学特性及对桃蚜的捕食功能

doi:10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2025.01.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 探究以桃蚜Myzus persicae（Sulzer）幼虫为食的西藏本土优势天敌昆虫横斑瓢虫Coccinella transversoguttata的生物学特性，为利用横斑瓢虫控制桃蚜提供理论依据。通过田间、室内条件下观察和记录横斑瓢虫各发育阶段的生活史、形态特征、生活习性、历期和存活率，并测定横斑瓢虫各龄幼虫及成虫对不同密度桃蚜的捕食能力；采用Holling Ⅱ模型拟合计算横斑瓢虫各龄期对桃蚜的捕食作用。横斑瓢虫在西藏拉萨一年发生2代，以成虫越冬。4月下旬至5月中旬为产卵盛期，5月上旬至6月上旬为孵化盛期，5月下旬至6月下旬为化蛹盛期，6月上旬至7月中旬为羽化盛期。室内自然条件下，横斑瓢虫的卵历期、1～4龄幼虫历期、蛹历期和成虫历期分别为1.996、2.395、1.729、1.310、3.434、4.901和55.838 d；卵、1～4龄幼虫和蛹存活率分别为100.00%、85.00%、88.33%、80.00%、71.67%和61.67%；产卵期为30～60 d。不同龄期横斑瓢虫对桃蚜的捕食功能反应均符合Holling Ⅱ模型，拟合圆盘方程显示横斑瓢虫4龄幼虫对桃蚜幼虫的捕食能力（a′/T_h）最强，为284.03；日最大理论捕食量（ 1/T_h）最大，为263.16头；处理单头猎物所需时间最短，为0.0038 d；横斑瓢虫1龄幼虫对桃蚜的捕食能力（a′/T_h）最低，仅为34.19。横斑瓢虫对桃蚜的捕食作用同时受自身密度的影响，随着自身密度的增大其平均捕食率降低。这些结果表明横斑瓢虫对桃蚜具有较好的生物防治潜力。本研究可为今后更高效地利用横斑瓢虫资源以及正确评价横斑瓢虫对桃蚜的生物防治潜能提供理论依据。

关键词: 横斑瓢虫, 桃蚜, 生物学特性, 捕食能力, 干扰反应

Abstract: This study aims to explore the biological characteristics of Coccinella transversoguttata, a native dominant natural enemy insect in Xizang that preys on the larvae of Myzus persicae (Sulzer), with the intention of providing a theoretical foundation for the utilization of C. transversoguttata in controlling M. persicae. The life history, morphological features, life habits, developmental durations, and survival rates of C. transversoguttata at various developmental stages were meticulously observed and recorded both in the field and under laboratory conditions. Additionally, the predatory capabilities of different instar larvae and adults of C. transversoguttata on M. persicae at different densities were determined. The Holling type Ⅱ model was employed to fit and calculate the predation function of different instars of C. transversoguttata on M. persicae. C. transversoguttata has two generations annually in Lhasa, and overwinters at the adult stage. In the field, the peak oviposition period ranges from late April to mid-May, the peak hatching period is from early May to early June, the peak pupation period extends from late May to late June, and the peak adult emergence period is from early June to mid-July. Under laboratory natural conditions, the durations of eggs, the 1^st―4^th instar larvae, pupae, and adults of C. transversoguttata are 1.996, 2.395, 1.729, 1.310, 3.434, 4.901, and 55.838 days, respectively. The survival rates of eggs, the 1^st―4^th instar larvae, and pupae are 100.00%, 85.00%, 88.33%, 80.00%, 71.67%, and 61.67%, respectively, and the oviposition period lasts for 30―60 days. The predatory functional responses of different instars of C. transversoguttata to M. persicae all conform to the Holling type Ⅱ model. The fitting disc equation revealed that the 4^th instar larvae of C. transversoguttata exhibited the strongest predatory ability (a′/T_h) towards M. persicae larvae, with a value of 284.03; the largest maximum daily theoretical predation amount (1/T_h) of 263.16, and the shortest time required to handle a single prey of 0.0038 days. The 1^st instar larvae of C. transversoguttata had the lowest predatory ability (a′/T_h) towards M. persicae, with a value of only 34.19. Moreover, the predation of C. transversoguttata on M. persicae was simultaneously influenced by its own density, decreasing with the increase of its own density. These results demonstrate that C. transversoguttata holds great potential for the biological control of M. persicae. This research can offer a theoretical basis for more efficient utilization of C. transversoguttata resources and the accurate evaluation of the biological control potential of C. transversoguttata against M. persicae.

Key words: Coccinella transversoguttata, Myzus persicae, biological characteristics, predatory capacity, interference response

中图分类号:

Q968

相栋, 旺珍, 尼玛玉珍, 张欢欢, 崔洁, 李亚迎, 王文峰. 西藏横斑瓢虫生物学特性及对桃蚜的捕食功能[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2025, 41(5): 1035-1045.

XIANG Dong, WANG Zhen, NIMA Yuzhen, ZHANG Huanhuan, CUI Jie, LI Yaying, WANG Wenfeng. Biological Characteristics of Coccinella transversoguttata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and Predatory Capacity on Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in Tibet[J]. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 2025, 41(5): 1035-1045.

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