棉蚜蚜小蜂对茄子和青椒上桃蚜的寄生偏好

doi:10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2025.01.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 棉蚜蚜小蜂是蚜虫的寄生性天敌，明确该虫在茄子和青椒上的寄生偏好有助于筛选出适宜的寄主，为棉蚜蚜小蜂规模化饲养提供参考。本文采用叶碟法和植株法两种方式，比较棉蚜蚜小蜂在载有不同密度桃蚜的茄子和青椒非选择性条件（单一寄主植物）和选择性条件（两种寄主植物混合）下的寄生情况。结果表明：非选择性条件下，叶碟法和植株法均得出棉蚜蚜小蜂对茄子上桃蚜的寄生量显著高于青椒。采用叶碟法接蜂密度为1头/皿时，棉蚜蚜小蜂在茄子和青椒上的寄生量分别为82.40头和55.40头，随着接蜂密度的增加，棉蚜蚜小蜂寄生量逐步增加，接蜂密度4头和5头/皿时，棉蚜蚜小蜂在茄子（231.45头，234.20头）和青椒上（150.95头，147.70头）寄生量差异均不显著。采用植株法得出接蜂密度为10头/株棉蚜蚜小蜂寄生量最低（茄子： 388.25头，青椒275.05头），40头/株最高（茄子： 674.25头，青椒590.10头）。选择性条件下，叶碟法和植株法均得出棉蚜蚜小蜂对茄子上桃蚜的寄生占比（叶碟法： 68.61%；植株法：60.08%）显著高于青椒（叶碟法： 31.39%；植株法： 39.92%）。叶碟法棉蚜蚜小蜂在茄子上平均羽化率为82.79%，显著高于青椒73.76%，植株法二者羽化率差异不显著，都能达到90%以上。由此可见，棉蚜蚜小蜂更偏好于寄主植物茄子。

关键词: 棉蚜蚜小蜂, 寄主植物, 桃蚜, 寄生偏好

Abstract: Aphelinus varipes is an important parasitoid of aphids. Clarifying its preference for eggplant and green pepper will contribute the large-scale breeding of the wasp. Leaf disc and whole plant method were used to compare the parasitism of A. varipes on eggplant and green pepper under no-choice (single host plant) and choice (mixed host plants) conditions with different densities of Myzus persicae. The results showed that, under no-choice conditions, the parasitism rates of aphids on eggplant were significantly higher than those on green pepper by both leaf disc and whole plant method. At the density of 1 wasp per cage by leaf disc method, the number of parasitized aphids on eggplant and green pepper were 82.40 and 55.40, respectively. The number of parasitized aphids gradually increased with increasing wasp density. At the density of 4 and 5 wasps per disc, the number of parasitized aphids on eggplant were 231.45 and 234.20, respectively, and on green pepper, 150.95 and 147.70, respectively, no significant differences were detected between the two densities. With the whole plant method, the number of parasitized aphids was the least at the density of 10 wasps per plant, with 388.25 on eggplant and 275.05 on green pepper, and reached the highest at the density of 40 wasps per plant, with 674.25 and 590.10 on eggplant and pepper, respectively. Under choice conditions, the parasitism rates of M. persicae on eggplant was significantly higher than those on green peppers with both leaf disc method (68.61% and 31.39%, respectively) and whole plant method (60.08% and 39.92%, respectively). The average emergence rate of 1 on eggplant (82.79%) was significantly higher than that on green pepper (73.76%) with leaf disc method, but was not significantly different between the two plants with whole plant method, which reached over 90%. Therefore, the aphids with eggplant as host plant are more suitable for the growth of A. varipes.

Key words: Aphelinus varipes, host plants, Myzus persicae, parasitic preference

中图分类号:

S476.3

方美娟, 何晓庆, 宋凯, 刘冬, 张恒, 王玉波. 棉蚜蚜小蜂对茄子和青椒上桃蚜的寄生偏好[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2025, 41(4): 736-744.

FANG Meijuan, HE Xiaoqing, SONG Kai, LIU Dong, ZHANG Heng, WANG Yubo. Preference of Aphelinus varipes (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) for Parasitizing Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on Eggplant and Green Pepper[J]. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 2025, 41(4): 736-744.

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