贝莱斯芽胞杆菌YB-1465生防特性分析及对小麦茎基腐病的生防作用

doi:10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2025.02.041

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 近年来，由假禾谷镰孢引起的小麦茎基腐病已成为黄淮麦区严重的新发土传病害。为了筛选高效防治小麦茎基腐病的生防菌株，本研究通过平板对峙、生防特性和室内盆栽等评价筛选了一株对具有生防潜力的菌株，命名为YB-1465，通过16S rDNA和gyrA基因测序比对分析鉴定为贝莱斯芽胞杆菌。贝莱斯芽胞杆菌YB-1465对12种植物病原菌生长具有抑制作用，其中对假禾谷镰孢菌，灰葡萄孢菌，禾旋孢腔菌和尖孢镰孢菌萎蔫专化型抑菌率最高，均达60%以上。贝莱斯芽胞杆菌YB-1465不仅具有产生吲哚乙酸、铁载体和溶磷能力，而且能分泌纤维素酶，β-1,3-葡聚糖酶和果胶酶。与对照组比较，YB-1465菌悬液浸种对小麦幼苗茎基腐病的防效达到78.8%，且显著提高小麦幼苗鲜重，株高和根长，分别提高了148.5%、65.33%和93.24%。因此，贝莱斯芽胞杆菌YB-1465是一株具有良好生防潜力的菌株，可进一步用于研发防治小麦茎基腐病生防产品。

关键词: 小麦茎基腐病, 假禾谷镰孢菌, 贝莱斯芽胞杆菌, 生物防治, 促生

Abstract: In recent years, wheat crown rot caused by Fusarium pseudograminearum has emerged as a serious soil-borne disease in Huang-Huai wheat region of China. To identify efficient biocontrol strains against this disease， a promising strain, designated YB-1465, was screened through dual-culture assays, characterization of biocontrol traits, and indoor pot experiments. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA and gyrA gene sequences identified YB-1465 as Bacillus velezensis. This strain inhibited the mycelial growth of twelve tested phytopathogenic fungi, demonstrating the highest inhibition rates (>60%) against Fusarium pseudograminearum, Botrytis cinerea, Cochliobolus sativus and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum. Furthermore, B. velezensis YB-1465 exhibited multiple plant growth-promoting traits, including the production of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), siderophores, and phosphate solubilization, along with the secretion of extracellular enzymes such as cellulase, β-1,3-glucanase, and pectinase. Compared to the untreated control, seed treatment with the YB-1465 suspension achieved 78.8% control efficacy against wheat seedling crown rot in pot trials. This treatment also significantly enhanced seedling growth, increasing fresh weight, plant height and root length by 148.5%, 65.33%, and 93.24%, respectively. These results demonstrate that Bacillus velezensis YB-1465 possesses significant biocontrol potential against wheat crown rot and warrants further development for biocontrol product formulations.

Key words: wheat crown rot, Fusarium pseudograminearum, Bacillus velezensis, biocontrol, growth-promoting

中图分类号:

S476

徐文, 谢夏, 李盼, 董迁迁, 孙润红, 张洁, 夏明聪, 武超, 杨丽荣. 贝莱斯芽胞杆菌YB-1465生防特性分析及对小麦茎基腐病的生防作用[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2025, 41(4): 877-886.

XU Wen, XIE Xia, LI Pan, DONG Qianqian, SUN Runhong, ZHANG Jie, XIA Mingcong, WU Chao, YANG Lirong. Biocontrol Characteristics of Bacillus velezensis YB-1465 and Its Biocontrol Effects on wheat crown rot[J]. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 2025, 41(4): 877-886.

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