13种药剂对番茄病毒病防治效果及生理生化指标的影响研究

doi:10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2026.00.000

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为明确13种药剂对番茄上ToMV、ToBRFV和ToMMV复合侵染引起病毒病的防治作用及对番茄生理生化指标影响，筛选出对番茄上ToMV、ToBRFV和ToMMV复合侵染引起的番茄病害防效好且安全的生物农药。本试验通过调查未经种子消毒的番茄幼苗病毒病的发生情况，发现番茄幼苗的发病率为94.60%，病情指数为25.71；主要症状表现为轻微花叶，占42.20%，经DAS-ELISA检测发现，随症状加重，3种病毒浓度均上升，其中ToMV浓度普遍高于ToBRFV和ToMMV。13种药剂处理的防治试验结果表明，对浸根处理20 min定植10 d的番茄幼苗连续喷雾处理2次（间隔10 d/次）后，生物农药香菇多糖、宁南霉素、氨基寡糖素、阿泰灵和化学农药毒氟磷、克毒宝喷雾处理后30 d的防效最好，分别为75.29%、73.79%、80.31%、77.27%和71.26%、69.97%；这6种药剂处理均可降低番茄叶片中病毒浓度、病毒CP的相对表达量，提高叶绿体各色素含量、防御酶活性，其中氨基寡糖素处理的番茄叶片中3种病毒浓度、CP的相对表达量均最低，叶绿体各色素含量、SOD、POD和PAL最高，分别为35.53、37.13和30.36 pg/mL，病毒增殖抑制率分别为64.98%、76.16%和73.74%、病毒CP抑制率分别76.35%、76.67%和73.17%；叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素、类胡萝卜素含量分别为1.12、0.68、1.58、8.96 mg/g，SOD、POD、PAL酶活性分别为36.84、301.50和136.52 U/g FW，显著高于对照CK和其他处理。本研究为番茄病毒病防控筛选到了氨基寡糖素、香菇多糖、阿泰灵和毒氟磷4种高效免疫诱抗剂，宁南霉素和克毒宝2种抗病毒剂，并为其苗期防控提供了最佳的浸根处理时间和定植后结合2次喷雾处理的高效施药方式。

关键词: 番茄, 病毒病, 生物农药, 化学农药, 防治作用

Abstract: To clarify the control effects of 13 agents against viral diseases caused by the co-infection of ToMV, ToBRFV, and ToMMV in tomatoes, and to evaluate their impacts on physiological and biochemical indices, safe biopesticides with high efficiency were screened. The occurrence of viral diseases in tomato seedlings without seed disinfection was investigated, revealing a disease incidence of 94.60% and a disease index of 25.71. Mild mosaic symptoms were identified as the primary manifestation, accounting for 42.20%. It was revealed by DAS-ELISA detection indicated that the concentrations of the three viruses increased as symptoms intensified, with ToMV concentrations generally higher than those of ToBRFV and ToMMV. The control efficacy trials demonstrated that after tomato seedlings (pretreated by root dipping for 20 min and colonized for 10 d) were sprayed twice at 10-day intervals, biopesticides lentinan, ningnanmycin, amino-oligosaccharins, and atailing and chemical fungicides dufulin and kedubao exhibited the best control efficacy, reaching 75.29%, 73.79%, 80.31%, 77.27%, 71.26%, and 69.97% at 30 d post treatment, respectively. It was found that the virus concentrations and relative expression levels of virus coat protein (CP) in tomato leaves were reduced by the six treatments, while chloroplast pigment contents and defense enzyme activities were enhanced. The optimal performance was exhibited by the amino-oligosaccharins treatment. Under this treatment, the concentrations of the three viruses were recorded at 35.53, 37.13, and 30.36 U/g·FW, the inhibition rates of virus proliferation were 64.98%, 76.16%, and 73.74%, and the CP inhibition rates reached 76.35%, 76.67%, and 73.17%, respectively. Furthermore, the contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, and carotenoids were determined to be 1.12, 0.68, 1.58, and 8.96 mg/g, while the activities of SOD, POD, and PAL were measured at 36.84 U/g FW, 301.50 U/min/g FW, and 136.52 U/g FW, all of which were significantly higher than those of the control CK and other treatments. In this study, four highly effective immune inducers amino-oligosaccharins, lentinan, atailing, and dufulin and two antiviral agents ningnanmycin and kedubao were screened for the management of tomato viral diseases. This study provides an optimized application strategy for seedling protection, combining root-dipping with two scheduled spray treatments.

Key words: tomato, virus disease, biopesticide, chemical pesticide, control effect

中图分类号:

S476

张大全, 梁巧兰, 王明娥, 李虹, 魏列新, 陈应娥, 朱燕琴, 孟蕾, 王钿, 邬博洋. 13种药剂对番茄病毒病防治效果及生理生化指标的影响研究[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2026, 42(5): 1228-1241.

ZHANG Daquan, LIANG Qiaolan, WANG Ming'e, LI Hong, WEI Liexin, Chen Yinge, ZHU Yanqin, MENG Lei, WANG Dian, WU Boyang. Control Efficacy of 13 Agents against Tomato Virus Disease and Their Impact on Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics[J]. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 2026, 42(5): 1228-1241.

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