小麦赤霉病生防菌PHJ10的防治效果及作用机制研究

doi:10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2026.02.058

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 小麦赤霉病是由镰孢属真菌引起的一种严重病害，不仅造成产量损失，其产生的脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）等毒素严重危害人畜健康。本研究筛选到生防菌PHJ10，其对禾谷镰孢菌菌丝生长的抑制率达45.99%。经形态学、生理生化特性结合16S rRNA及gyrB基因序列分析，该菌株鉴定为萎缩芽孢杆菌Bacillus atrophaeus。PHJ10处理可导致病原菌菌丝形态异常，对小麦胚芽鞘与穗部病害有显著的防治效果，并使籽粒中的DON及其隐蔽型衍生物脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇-3-葡萄糖苷（deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside，D3G）含量分别减少31.01%和25.38%。转录组分析表明，PHJ10通过干扰禾谷镰孢菌的核糖体生物合成、内质网蛋白质加工等通路，影响其脂肪酸降解与氨基酸代谢过程，从多靶点干预病原菌的翻译与代谢系统。结果表明，萎缩芽孢杆菌PHJ10对小麦赤霉病防治效果良好，具有潜在生防应用价值。

关键词: 禾谷镰孢菌, 萎缩芽孢杆菌, 抑制率, 脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇, 生物防治

Abstract: Fusarium head blight, caused by Fusarium species, is a devastating wheat disease that causes substantial yield losses. Meanwhile, mycotoxins such as deoxynivalenol (DON) produced by the pathogen seriously threaten human and livestock health. In this study, a bacterial strain PHJ10 was screened, which exhibited inhibition rate 45.99% against mycelial growth of Fusarium graminearum. Based on morphological, physiological-biochemical characteristics together with sequence analysis of 16S rRNA and gyrB genes, the strain PHJ10 was identified as Bacillus atrophaeus. PHJ10 treatment caused morphological abnormalities of fungal hyphae, exerted significant biocontrol effects on wheat coleoptile-and spike-associated diseases, and reduced the contents of DON and its masked derivative deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside (D3G) in grains by 31.01% and 25.38%, respectively. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that PHJ10 interfered with pathways including ribosome biosynthesis and endoplasmic reticulum protein processing in F. graminearum, and impaired fatty-acid degradation and amino-acid metabolism, thereby exerting multi-target impacts on the translation and metabolic systems of the pathogen. These results demonstrate that Bacillus atrophaeus PHJ10 exhibits favorable biocontrol efficacy against Fusarium head blight and holds promise for biocontrol applications.

Key words: Fusarium graminearum, Bacillus atrophaeus, inhibition rate, deoxynivalenol, biocontrol

中图分类号:

S476

彭慧娟, 翁丽娜, 廖毅华, 马东方, 刘馨, 李艳, 邢宇俊. 小麦赤霉病生防菌PHJ10的防治效果及作用机制研究[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2026, 42(5): 1242-1253.

PENG Huijuan, WENG Lina, LIAO Yihua, MA Dongfang, LIU Xin, LI Yan, XING Yujun. Control Efficacy and Mechanism of Biocontrol Bacterium PHJ10 against Wheat Fusarium Head Blight[J]. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 2026, 42(5): 1242-1253.

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