绿针假单胞菌YZ-S-41的分离鉴定及其对小麦赤霉病的生防效果评价

doi:10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2026.02.053

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为获得高效防治小麦赤霉（Fusarium head blight，FHB）的生防微生物，本研究采用KMB和TSA两种培养基从江苏省5个小麦主产区筛选获得6株对禾谷镰刀菌具有显著拮抗效果的菌株，其中菌株YZ-S-41的抑制率最佳，达到76.31%。经形态、生理生化特征和16S rDNA系统发育分析，初步鉴定菌株YZ-S-41为绿针假单胞Pseudomonas chlororaphis。进一步研究发现YZ-S-41的粗提物质在50 μg/mL下对禾谷镰刀菌抑制作用较为显著，并且YZ-S-41能显著抑制禾谷镰刀菌产生DON毒素。此外，抑菌谱试验结果表明，该菌株对腐皮镰孢菌Fusarium solani、尖孢镰刀菌古巴专化型F.oxysporum f.sp.cubense、串珠镰孢菌F.moniliforme、尖孢镰刀菌西瓜专化型F.oxysporum f.sp.niveum等多种病原菌都具有高效拮抗能力。水解酶活性结果表明，菌株YZ-S-41具有β-1,3-葡聚糖酶、蛋白酶、纤维素酶、产嗜铁素酶活性和产IAA的能力。室内盆栽促生试验表明，YZ-S-41菌悬液处理后，小麦株高提高了16.12%、根长提高了20.26%，地上部分鲜重和地下部分鲜重分别增加了了41.44%和30.41%。田间防病试验表明，YZ-S-41菌悬液处理对小麦赤霉病的防治效果达到了66.12%。以上研究表明，菌株YZ-S-41具有显著的促生、防病等生防潜力，绿针假单胞P.chlororaphis YZ-S-41在防治小麦赤霉病方面具有较高的潜在应用价值。

关键词: 小麦赤霉病, 禾谷镰刀菌, 绿针假单胞菌, 生物防治, 抑菌机制

Abstract: To screen effective biocontrol microorganisms for controlling Fusarium head blight (FHB) of wheat, six strains with significant antagonistic activity against Fusarium graminearum were isolated in this study from five major wheat-producing regions in Jiangsu Province using KMB and TSA media. Among them, strain YZ-S-41 exhibited the highest inhibition rate against F. graminearum, reaching 76.31%. Based on physiological and biochemical characteristics and 16S rDNA phylogenetic analysis, strain YZ-S-41 was identified as Pseudomonas chlororaphis. Further investigation revealed that the crude extract of YZ-S-41 showed considerable inhibitory activity against F. graminearum at 50 μg/mL, and YZ-S-41 significantly inhibited deoxynivalenol (DON) production by F. graminearum. In addition, antifungal spectrum assays showed that this strain had strong antagonistic activity against multiple pathogens, including Fusarium solani, F. oxysporum f.sp. cubense, F. moniliforme, and F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum. Hydrolytic enzyme activity assays indicated that strain YZ-S-41 possessed β-1,3-glucanase, protease, and cellulase activities, as well as siderophore and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production abilities. Greenhouse pot experiment demonstrated that treatment with YZ-S-41 suspension increased wheat plant height by 16.12%, root length by 20.26%, and shoot and root fresh weights by 41.44% and 30.41%, respectively. Field trials showed that YZ-S-41 suspension achieved a control efficacy of 66.12% against wheat FHB. These results indicate that strain YZ-S-41 exhibits significant biocontrol potential in growth promotion and disease control, and has high potential application value for the control of wheat FHB.

Key words: wheat head blight, Fusarium graminearum, Pseudomonas chlororaphis, biological control, antibacterial mechanism

中图分类号:

S476

李佳文, 陈虹莉, 陈雯, 朱晋, 杨纪潇, 卫甜, 吕敏, 蒋春号. 绿针假单胞菌YZ-S-41的分离鉴定及其对小麦赤霉病的生防效果评价[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2026, 42(5): 1146-1156.

LI Jiawen, CHEN Hongli, CHEN Wen, ZHU Jin, YANG Jixiao, WEI Tian, LÜ Min, JIANG Chunhao. Isolation and Identification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa YZ-S-41 and Evaluation of Its Biocontrol Efficacy against Fusarium Head Blight of Wheat[J]. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 2026, 42(5): 1146-1156.

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