桃园中梨小食心虫的引诱剂及诱捕器改进

doi:10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2025.01.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 性信息素防治已成为梨小食心虫的主要生防手段。在迷向果园中或虫口密度较大时，梨小食心虫的性信息素监测诱捕受到影响且无法监测雌蛾。本研究在常规桃园和性信息素迷向处理的桃园，探究了乙酸松油酯、E8,E10-12:OH与梨小性信息素对梨小食心虫的引诱效果并配套改进诱捕装置。结果表明，乙酸松油酯以水溶式在三角-水杯形诱捕器下诱捕效果最佳，诱捕量为38.22头； E8,E10-12:OH、乙酸松油酯与梨小性信息素结合使用均表现为协同引诱，相较于单纯梨小性信息素，三者组合处理的捕获量可达2.38倍。含有乙酸松油酯的处理可捕获雌虫，诱雌率可达18.6%；迷向桃园中，梨小性信息素和E8,E10-12:OH均较难监测害虫发生，仅含有乙酸松油酯的处理组捕获了梨小食心虫并捕获雌虫，诱雌率可达37.6%。研究表明这三种物质的组合在高密度虫口或迷向处理时，捕获了更多的（雌性）梨小食心虫，提高了种群评估的精确度。

关键词: 梨小食心虫, 迷向, 诱捕器, 食物源引诱剂, 监测

Abstract: Sex pheromone control has become the main biocontrol method of oriental fruit moth. The sex pheromone monitoring and trapping of Grapholita molesta were affected and the female moths could not be monitored in the maze orchard or when the population density was high. In this study, the attractive effects of terpinyl acetate, E8, E10-12:OH and small sex pheromone on G. molesta were investigated in conventional peach orchards and peach orchards treated with sex pheromone, and the trapping device was improved. The results showed that the water-soluble terpinyl acetate had the best trapping effect under the triangular-water cup trap, and the trapping amount was 38.22. The combination of E8, E10-12:OH, terpinyl acetate and pear sex pheromone showed synergistic attraction. Compared with the simple pear sex pheromone, the capture amount of the combination of the three treatments could reach 2.38 times. The treatment containing terpinyl acetate can capture female insects, and the female induction rate can reach 18.6%. In the peach orchard, the small sex pheromone of pear and E8, E10-12:OH were difficult to monitor the occurrence of pests. The treatment group containing only terpinyl acetate captured the G. molesta and captured the female insects, and the female rate was up to 37.6%. Studies have shown that the combination of these three substances captures more (female) G. molesta in high-density insect populations or tropism treatments, which improves the accuracy of population assessment.

Key words: oriental fruit moth, mating disruption, trap, food lure, monitoring

中图分类号:

S476

张博军, 李依然, 韦肖红, 李先伟, 赵龙龙, 马瑞燕, 相会明. 桃园中梨小食心虫的引诱剂及诱捕器改进[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2025, 41(1): 71-79.

ZHANG Bojun, LI Yiran, WEI Xiaohong, LI Xianwei, ZHAO Longlong, MA Ruiyan, XIANG Huiming. Improvement of Attractant and Trap of Grapholita molesta (Busck) in Peach[J]. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 2025, 41(1): 71-79.

参考文献

[1] 刘凤之, 王海波, 胡成志. 我国主要果树产业现状及“十四五”发展对策[J]. 中国果树, 2021(1): 1-5.
[2] 相会明, 刁红亮, 李先伟, 等. 梨小食心虫性信息素在四种载体中释放速率及田间迷向率研究[J]. 应用昆虫学报, 2022, 59(2): 311-317.
[3] 刘月英, 周昭旭, 张美娇, 等. 浸卵法测定甘肃省梨小食心虫田间种群对8 种杀虫剂的敏感性[J]. 农药学学报, 2022, 24(4): 819-824.
[4] 杨辉林. 林业有害生物防治管理中存在的问题及其措施探析[J]. 南方农业, 2020, 14(17): 62-63.
[5] Ansari M S, Moraiet M A, Ahmad S. Insecticides: impact on the environment and human health[M]//Environmental Deterioration and Human Health. Dordrecht: Springer, 2014, 99-123.
[6] 马涛, 林娜, 周丽丽, 等. 性信息素迷向干扰防控害虫的研究进展及应用前景[J]. 林业科学研究, 2018, 31(4): 172-180.
[7] 相会明, 刁红亮, 李先伟, 等. 交配干扰缓释剂研究及应用进展[J]. 应用昆虫学报, 2023, 60(2): 524-533.
[8] 周童. 梨小食心虫性信息素增效剂的虚拟筛选和增效活性的研究[D]. 扬州: 扬州大学, 2022.
[9] Kong W, Wang Y, Jia X, et al. Emergence and mating behavior of the oriental fruit moth Cydia molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and its potential for reproduction[C] Annales de la Société entomologique de France (NS). Taylor & Francis, 2019, 55(5): 446-453.
[10] Preti M, Knight A L, Angeli S. Improved monitoring of Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in stone fruit orchards with a pheromone-kairomone combination lure[J]. Insects, 2020, 11(7): 412.
[11] Walgenbach J F, Schoof S C, Bosch D, et al. Comparison of sex pheromone and kairomone-enhanced pheromone lures for monitoring oriental fruit moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in mating disruption and non-disruption tree fruit orchards[J]. Environmental Entomology, 2021, 50(5): 1063-1074.
[12] 朱梦雅, 相会明, 李先伟, 等. E8,E10-12:OH对梨小食心虫性信息素的增效作用[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2023, 39(3): 560-566.
[13] 于海利. 梨小食心虫性信息素增效剂的研究[D]. 北京: 中国农业大学, 2015.
[14] Knight A, Cichon L, Lago J, et al. Monitoring oriental fruit moth and codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) with combinations of pheromones and kairomones[J]. Journal of Applied Entomology, 2014, 138(10): 783-794.
[15] Padilha A C, Arioli C J, Boff M I C, et al. Traps and baits for luring Grapholita molesta (Busck) adults in mating disruption-treated apple orchards[J]. Neotropical Entomology, 2018, 47(1): 152-159.
[16] Xiang H M, Chen Z, Li X W, et al. Two terpenoids activates close mating behavior and enhances trap efficiency of sex pheromone of Grapholita molesta[J]. Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology, 2019, 22(4): 1109-1114.
[17] 和小娟, 相会明, 王怡, 等. 两种寄主植物挥发物对梨小食心虫性信息素的增效作用[J]. 山西农业大学学报(自然科学版), 2017, 37(12): 854-860.
[18] Mujica V, Preti M, Basoalto E, et al. Improved monitoring of oriental fruit moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) with terpinyl acetate plus acetic acid membrane lures[J]. Journal of Applied Entomology, 2018, 142(8): 731-744.
[19] 庾琴. 影响梨小食心虫暴发为害的主要因子及其寄主选择研究[D]. 太原: 山西农业大学, 2020.
[20] 王桂春, 程航, 韩秀君, 等. 梨小食心虫成虫发生规律的气象因子分析[C]//中国气象学会. 第33届中国气象学会年会, 2016, 9.
[21] Cichon L, Fuentes-Contreras E, Garrido S, et al. Monitoring oriental fruit moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) with sticky traps baited with terpinyl acetate and sex pheromone[J]. Journal of Applied Entomology, 2013, 137(4): 275-281.
[22] Knight A L, Mujica V, Larsson Herrera S, et al. Monitoring codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) with a four-component volatile blend compared to a sex pheromone-based blend[J]. Journal of Applied Entomology, 2019, 143(9): 942-947.
[23] 刘福, 刘宏屏, 李国宏, 等. α-蒎烯对松瘤小蠹及其天敌红腹郭公虫信息素诱捕增效作用研究[J]. 西部林业科学, 2023, 52(2): 180-185.
[24] 孔维娜, 王怡, 郭永福, 等. 三种梨小食心虫引诱剂配方的田间筛选[J]. 北方园艺, 2018(14): 18-24.
[25] Kong W N, Wang Y, Guo Y F, et al. Behavioral effects of different attractants on adult male and female oriental fruit moths, Grapholita molesta[J]. Pest Management Science, 2020, 76(9): 3225-3235.
[26] Hoskovec M, Hovorka O, Kalinová B, et al. New mimics of the acetate function in pheromone-based attraction[J]. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, 1996, 4(3): 479-488.
[27] 李晓龙, 贾永华, 窦云萍, 等. 性信息素迷向丝对不同果树梨小食心虫的防控效果[J]. 植物保护, 2019, 45(1): 212-215.
[28] Preti M, Knight A L, Angeli S. Improving Grapholita molesta monitoring in peach and nectarine orchards under mating disruption by using bisexual lures[J]. IOBC/WPRS Bull, 2019, 146: 176-180.
[29] 金唯新, 姜义平, 沈斐, 等. 多年迷向防治对桃园梨小食心虫的控制作用评估[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2022, 38(2): 360-366.
[30] Stelinski L, Holdcraft R, Rodriguez-Saona C. Female moth calling and flight behavior are altered hours following pheromone autodetection: possible implications for practical management with mating disruption[J]. Insects, 2014, 5(2): 459-473.