草原毛虫寄生性天敌寄蝇资源的调查与鉴定

doi:10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2024.07.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为明确草原毛虫Gynaephora qinghaiensis寄生性天敌昆虫——寄蝇的种类与寄生形态，本研究通过形态学分类和分子测序进行鉴定，自草原毛虫体内孵化出3种寄蝇：平庸金怯寄蝇Gymnophryxe inconspicua (Villeneuve,1924)、古毒蛾追寄蝇Exonista laruarum (Linnaeus,1758)和草毒蛾鬃堤寄蝇Chetogenagynmephorae Chao et shi,1987。其中平庸金怯寄蝇和古毒蛾追寄蝇属于该地区草原毛虫寄生天敌的优势种群。通过调查与统计草原毛虫体内的天敌寄生率发现寄蝇的寄生率总体呈现先增后减趋势，寄蝇主要寄生在7—8月的6龄和7龄草原毛虫体内。本试验在室内解剖发现单只草原毛虫身上寄生2～5只寄蝇幼虫不等。本研究旨在为草原毛虫的生物防治技术奠定基础，同时也为寄生性天敌昆虫的寄生方式、寄生时期及寄生状态提供理论依据，对保护青藏高原高寒牧区草场生态环境具有重要的意义。

关键词: 草原毛虫, 天敌寄蝇, 种类鉴定, 寄生

Abstract: In order to clarify the species and parasitic morphology of the parasitic natural enemy insect-parasitoid flies of the grassland caterpillars, three species of parasitoid flies hatched from the grassland caterpillar were identified in this study by morphological classification and molecular sequencing: Gymnophryxe inconspicua (Villeneuve, 1924), Exorista laruarum (Linnaeus, 1758) and Chetogena gynmephorae Chao et Shi, 1987. Among them, the dominant species of parasitic natural enemies of grassland caterpillars in this area are Gymnophryxe inconspicua and Exonista laruarum. Through the survey and statistics of the parasitism rate of natural enemies in grassland caterpillars, the parasitism rate of parasitoids in grassland caterpillars was found to be increasing and then decreasing, and the parasitoid flies mainly parasitized the 6^th and 7^th instar larvae of grassland caterpillars from July to August. In this experiment, indoor dissection revealed that a single prairie caterpillar hosted from 2 to 5 parasitoid larvae. The purpose of this study is to lay a foundation for the biological control technology of grassland caterpillars, and also to provide a theoretical basis for the parasitism mode, parasitism period and parasitism state of parasitic natural enemy insects, which is of great significance for the protection of the ecological environment of grassland in alpine rangeland of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

Key words: Gynaephora qinghaiensis, natural enemy tachinids, species identification, parasitism

中图分类号:

S476.3

阮小玉, 王沙沙, 来有鹏. 草原毛虫寄生性天敌寄蝇资源的调查与鉴定[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2025, 41(2): 269-275.

RUAN Xiaoyu, WANG Shasha, LAI Youpeng. Investigation and Identification of Parasitic Natural Enemy Tachinid Resources of Gynaephora qinghaiensis[J]. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 2025, 41(2): 269-275.

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