复合菌群对黄芪根腐病的防效及对根际微生物群落的影响

doi:10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2025.02.068

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为筛选防控黄芪根腐病的微生物菌群，采用梯度稀释和平板对峙法从黄芪根际土壤中筛选出拮抗菌株，结合形态学特征、生理生化特性和分子生物学方法对该菌株进行鉴定。筛选不同配比，构建复合微生物菌群，测定其对黄芪根部防御酶活性的影响。采用高通量测序技术分析其对土壤细菌群落的影响。结果表明，拮抗菌株6-35、17-27和62-313对尖镰孢菌的抑菌带宽度分别为6.5、8.4和4.2 mm，分别鉴定为解淀粉芽孢杆菌Bacillus amyloliquefaciens、多粘类芽孢杆菌Paenibacillus polymyxa和蜡样芽孢杆菌B.cereus。筛选获得最优发酵液比例为3:1:1，对尖镰孢菌的抑制率为40.90%。复合菌群对黄芪根腐病防效显著，第7和14 d防效分别为75.51%和87.82%，且可诱导黄芪根部几丁质酶、过氧化物酶（POD）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性增加。施用复合菌群能够增加黄芪根际细菌α与β多样性，土壤中芽单孢菌和链霉菌等微生物含量显著高于对照组。复合菌群对黄芪根腐病有较好防效，可用于生物农药的开发与应用。

关键词: 拮抗细菌, 鉴定, 复合菌群, 防御酶, 微生物多样性

Abstract: To screen composite microbial consortium for the control of Astragalus membranaceus root rot, antagonistic strains were screened from the rhizosphere soil of A. membranaceus using the gradient dilution and plate confrontation methods. The strains were further identified based on morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics and molecular biology methods. The antagonistic strains were combined to construct a consortium, and its effects on defense related enzymes in A. membranaceus roots were evaluated. The influence of the composite microbial consortium on soil bacterial community was analyzed using high-throughput sequencing technology. The results showed that strains 6-35, 17-27 and 62-313 could significantly inhibit Fusarium oxysporum, with the inhibition zone width of 6.5, 8.4 and 4.2 mm, respectively. Strains 6-35, 17-27 and 62-313 were identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Paenibacillus polymyxa and B. cereus, respectively. The optimal fermentation ratio was 3:1:1, with an inhibition rate of 40.90%. The composite microbial consortium showed the control efficacy of 72.17% and 80.36% at 7 and 14 d after inoculation on A. membranaceus root rot, respectively. After treatment with the composite microbial consortium, the activities of chitinase, peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL), andcatalase (CAT) significantly increased in A. membranaceus roots. The application of composite microbial consortium could increase α and β diversity of rhizosphere bacterial communities, and various beneficial microorganisms such as Gemmatimonas and Streptomyces in the treatment soil was significantly higher than that in the control soil. The composite microbial consortium had excellent control effects on A. membranaceus root rot, and might be used for the development and application of biological control reagent.

Key words: antagonistic bacterium, identification, composite microbial consortium, defense enzyme, microbial diversity

中图分类号:

S476

王燕, 赵蕊, 郜雨晴, 李江波, 王春伟. 复合菌群对黄芪根腐病的防效及对根际微生物群落的影响[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2026, 42(1): 10-22.

WANG Yan, ZHAO Rui, GAO Yuqing, LI Jiangbo, WANG Chunwei. Control Effect of Composite Microbial Consortium on Astragalus membranaceus Root Rot and Its Influence on Microorganism Community in Rhizosphere Soil[J]. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 2026, 42(1): 10-22.

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