复合芽孢杆菌种衣剂对玉米茎腐病的防治及促生作用

doi:10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2026.02.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为开发高效的玉米茎腐病微生物种衣剂，弥补单菌种衣剂防效不稳定的不足，本研究基于贝莱斯芽孢杆菌MD360、枯草芽孢杆菌MD288和简单芽孢杆菌MD315制备2种复合芽孢杆菌种衣剂（MD360+MD315、MD288+MD315）进行室内抑菌、种子萌发及田间促生、防病、增产效果评价。结果表明，在平板对峙试验中，复合菌株MD360+MD315和MD288+MD315对禾谷镰孢的抑制率分别为57.44%和55.74%，比单独菌株抑制效果分别提高2.10%和5.50%；萌发试验结果表明，复合种衣剂MD360+MD315和MD288+MD315处理的玉米发芽率分别为90.87%和90.10%，与化学种衣剂咯菌腈及空白对照无显著差异；田间玉米生长表型研究发现，播种后30 d，复合种衣剂MD360+MD315处理组的植株株高70.86 cm、茎粗29.75 mm和地上鲜重60.20 g，显著优于其他处理；播种后60 d，MD360+MD315处理组的植株株高216.70 cm、茎粗33.17 mm和地上鲜重640 g，均显著优于对照及咯菌腈处理；田间试验结果表明，MD360+MD315处理组对茎腐病防治效果最佳，防治效果为67.70%，显著优于化学种衣剂咯菌腈；且MD360+MD315处理组显著增加了玉米果穗的长度，玉米产量最高为692.42 kg/667 m²，增产率14.45%。综上所述，通过不同芽孢杆菌间的互作增效显著提升了复合芽孢杆菌种衣剂在玉米促生、防病和增产方面的效果，为复合芽孢杆菌种衣剂设计提供了新思路。

关键词: 生物防治, 玉米茎腐病, 微生物种衣剂, 复合菌株, 促生作用

Abstract: Two composite microbial seed coating agents (MD360+MD315 and MD288+MD315) were developed against maize stalk rot to overcome the limitations of unstable efficacy associated with single-strain agents. These agents, formulated from Bacillus velezensis MD360, Bacillus subtilis MD288 and Bacillus simplex MD315, were evaluated for their effects on antibacterial activity, seed germination, plant growth, disease control and yield. The results showed that in the plate confrontation assay, the composite strains MD360 + MD315 and MD288+MD315 inhibited Fusarium graminarum by 57.44% and 55.74%, respectively, corresponding to improvements of 2.10% and 5.50% over their single-strain counterparts. Germination tests showed that seeds treated with the composite agents achieved germination rates of 90.87% (MD360 + MD315) and 90.10% (MD288 + MD315), which did not differ significantly from either the chemical agent fludioxonil or the blank control. Field assessments of maize growth revealed that at 30 days after sowing, plants treated with MD360+MD315 displayed significantly greater plant height (70.86 cm), stem diameter (29.75 mm), and above-ground fresh weight (60.20 g) than other treatments. By 60 days after sowing, MD360 + MD315 continued to outperform both the blank control and fludioxonil treatment, with plant height, stem diameter, and above-ground fresh weight reaching 216.70 cm, 33.17 mm, and 640 g, respectively. In disease control trials, the MD360+MD315 treatment demonstrated the best control effect against stalk rot, achieving a disease control efficacy of 67.70%, which was significantly higher than that of the chemical agent fludioxonil after field inoculation with F. graminarum. Moreover, yield measurements indicated this treatment significantly increased ear length and yielded the highest grain production of 692.42 kg per 667 m², corresponding to a 14.45% increase over the control. In conclusion, the synergistic interactions among different Bacillus strains enhanced the efficacy of the composite seed coating agent in promoting maize growth, controlling disease, and increasing yield, offering new insights for the design of composite Bacillus seed-coating agents.

Key words: biological control, maize stalk rot, microbial seed coating agent, composite strains, growth-promoting effect

中图分类号:

S476

李亚红, 姚力铭, 陈心宇, 王科晶, 王斌, 蒋先芝, 刘文德, 赵长江, 吴瀚翔. 复合芽孢杆菌种衣剂对玉米茎腐病的防治及促生作用[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2026, 42(1): 1-9.

LI Yahong, YAO Liming, CHEN Xinyu, WANG Kejing, WANG Bin, JIANG Xianzhi, LIU Wende, ZHAO Changjiang, WU Hanxiang. Biocontrol and Growth-Promoting Effects of Composite Bacillus Seed Coating Agents on Maize Stalk Rot[J]. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 2026, 42(1): 1-9.

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