油菜菌核病生防细菌ACQ-03的分离鉴定及其活性研究

doi:10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2025.02.053

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 由核盘菌Sclerotinia sclerotiorum引起的油菜菌核病严重危害油菜的产量和质量，为探索绿色防控新途径，本研究采用稀释涂布平板法和平板对峙法从油菜根际土壤中分离、筛选到一株对油菜菌核病菌具有显著拮抗作用的菌株ACQ-03，菌丝生长抑制率为66.52%。经形态学、生理生化特征结合16S rRNA和gyrB序列分析，鉴定该菌株为枯草芽孢杆菌Bacillus subtilis。生物活性研究表明，菌株ACQ-03能够有效抑制油菜菌核病菌的菌丝生长，并显著降低菌核的萌发率；离体叶片试验表明，其对油菜菌核病的抑制率可达88.15%，并能有效降低发病率； ACQ-03对玉米大斑病菌、葡萄白腐病菌和草坪币斑病菌等18种常见植物病原真菌均具有较强的抑制作用。综上所述，菌株ACQ-03在油菜菌核病等植物病害的生物防治方面具有开发应用潜力。

关键词: 油菜菌核病, 枯草芽孢杆菌, 生物防治, 菌株鉴定

Abstract: Sclerotinia stem rot caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum severely impacts the yield and quality of oilseed rape. To explore novel green control strategies, a bacterial strain designated ACQ-03, with a mycelial growth inhibition rate of 66.52% against S.sclerotiorum was isolated from oilseed rape rhizosphere soil using dilution-plating and dual-culture assays. Based on morphological characteristics, physiological and biochemical tests, as well as 16S rRNA and gyrB gene sequence analyses, strain ACQ-03 was identified as Bacillus subtilis. The biological activity study results showed that ACQ-03 effectively inhibited mycelial growth of the pathogen and significantly reduced sclerotial germination. Detached leaf assays demonstrated that its efficacy against oilseed rape stem rot reached 83.6%, while also substantially reducing disease incidence. Further antifungal spectrum tests indicated that ACQ-03 exhibited strong inhibitory effects on 18 common phytopathogenic fungi including Exserohilum turcicum, Coniella diplodiella, and Sclerotinia homoeocarpa. In summary, these results highlight the potential of Bacillus subtilis ACQ-03 as a biocontrol agent for managing Sclerotinia stem rot in oilseed rape and other plant diseases.

Key words: Sclerotinia stem rot, Bacillus subtilis, biological control, identification

中图分类号:

S476

易冬银, 袁善奎, 毕扬, 马春英. 油菜菌核病生防细菌ACQ-03的分离鉴定及其活性研究[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2025, 41(4): 939-948.

YI Dongyin, YUAN Shankui, BI Yang, Ma Chunying. Isolation and Identification of Biocontrol Bacterium ACQ-03 against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum on Oilseed Rape and Its Biological Activity[J]. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 2025, 41(4): 939-948.

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