水稻稻瘟病生防微生物及其作用机制研究进展

doi:10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2026.02.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 稻瘟病是由稻瘟病菌Magnaporthe oryzae引起的世界性重要病害，严重威胁水稻产量和粮食安全。近年来，生防微生物在稻瘟病绿色防控中的应用不断显现，已成为当前研究的重要方向。不同类群的生防菌可通过多种机制发挥作用，如产生拮抗代谢物、竞争营养空间、诱导寄主抗病性、调节根际微生态及促进植物生长等，在稻瘟病生物防治中展现出良好潜力。本文系统综述了细菌、放线菌、真菌及人工合成群落在稻瘟病防治中的研究进展，归纳了其主要作用机制，并指出当前生防菌资源利用率不高、作用机制尚不明确、田间应用稳定性较差等问题。加强核心菌株筛选、作用机制解析及微生物组调控等方面的研究，以期为构建高效可持续的稻瘟病绿色防控体系提供理论基础和技术支撑。

关键词: 稻瘟病, 生防微生物, 拮抗机制, 系统性抗性, 根际微生态, 合成微生物群落

Abstract: Rice blast, caused by Magnaporthe oryzae, is one of the most devastating diseases of rice worldwide and remains a serious threat to rice production and food security. In recent years, the use of biocontrol microorganisms has emerged as a promising strategy for the environmentally friendly and sustainable management of rice blast. Various groups of biocontrol agents, including bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi, and synthetic microbial consortia, suppress disease development through multiple mechanisms, such as the production of antagonistic metabolites, competition for nutrients and ecological niches, induction of host defense response, regulation of rhizosphere microbial communities, and promotion of plant growth. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in the application of these microbial resources for rice blast control, with a particular emphasis on their functional mechanisms. Current limitations, such as inefficient utilization of microbial resources, incomplete mechanistic understanding, and inconsistent performance under field conditions, are also discussed. Finally, future perspectives focusing on identification of key functional strains, mechanistic elucidation, and microbiomes-based regulation are proposed to support the development of efficient and sustainable biological control strategies for rice blast.

Key words: rice blast, biocontrol microorganisms, antagonistic mechanisms, systemic resistance, rhizosphere microbiome, synthetic microbial consortia

何平, 梅娟, 陈俊丞, 潘龙其, 姜成红, 谢勇, 王云月, 韩光煜. 水稻稻瘟病生防微生物及其作用机制研究进展[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2026, 42(2): 464-479.

HE Ping, MEI Juan, CHEN Juncheng, PAN Longqi, JIANG Chenghong, XIE Yong, WANG Yunyue, HAN Guangyu. Research Progress of Biocontrol Microorganisms and Its Mechanistic Analysis against Rice Blast[J]. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 2026, 42(2): 464-479.

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