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中国生物防治学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (3): 738-749.DOI: 10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2026.02.025

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    

紫罗兰挥发物抑制葡萄炭疽病菌的活性成分筛选及其作用机制初探

宋雯纹1, 金元锦1, 杨荣亮1, 王慧民1, 王元1, 杜飞1, 李会明2, 邓维萍3   

  1. 1. 云南农业大学植物保护学院, 昆明 650201;
    2. 云南农业大学体育学院, 昆明 650201;
    3. 云南农业大学理学院, 昆明 650201
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-17 发布日期:2026-06-25
  • 通讯作者: 李会明,副教授,E-mail:2000021@ynau.edu.cn;邓维萍,副教授,E-mail:2000014@ynau.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:宋雯纹,硕士研究生,E-mail:3325558041@qq.com;金元锦,硕士研究生,E-mail:2926438680@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(31860519);云南省农业联合专项(202401BD070001-050);国家自然科学基金(32360712);云南省植物病理重点实验室(202005AG070146);云南省王忠跃专家工作站(202305AF150129)

Screening of Bioactive Volatiles from Matthiola incana against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Preliminary Investigation into Their Action Mechanisms

SONG Wenwen1, JING Yuanjing1, YANG Rongliang1, WANG Huimin1, WANG Yuan1, DU Fei1, LI Huiming2, DENG Weiping3   

  1. 1. College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China;
    2. College of Physical Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China;
    3. College of Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
  • Received:2025-06-17 Published:2026-06-25

摘要: 为明确紫罗兰挥发物对葡萄炭疽病原菌胶孢炭疽菌Colletotrichum gloeosporioides的抑制效果及主要抑菌成分,采用菌丝生长速率法、孢子萌发法和离体果实接种法,系统评估不同浓度紫罗兰混合挥发物及其单体成分对胶孢炭疽菌落生长、孢子萌发及致病性的影响,并通过测定菌丝胞外电导率和关键酶活性变化初步解析其抑菌机理。结果表明,紫罗兰混合挥发物对葡萄炭疽菌具有显著的抑制活性,且叶花混合挥发物的抑菌效果优于单独叶片或花部挥发物。从37种单体中筛选出酚、醇、酯、萜烯、酮、醛和烷烃类中抑菌活性最强的单体,分别为丁香酚、1-辛烯-3-醇、苯甲酸乙酯、1,8-桉树脑、6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮、乙醛二乙缩醛和十三烷,其对菌丝生长的EC50值分别为22.54、92.80、124.80、220.83、293.85、1.29× 103和1.55× 104 μL/L。上述7种单体处理均可显著抑制孢子萌发,其中1-辛烯-3-醇和6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮的抑制效果最佳。经7种单体处理后,菌丝胞外电导率显著升高,CAT、POD、SOD、NAD-MDH和SDH酶活性均下降,表明其抑菌机制可能与破坏细胞膜完整性、干扰抗氧化系统及能量代谢有关。研究筛选获得的紫罗兰抑菌活性单体具有开发为植物源绿色杀菌剂或采后熏蒸剂的应用潜力。

关键词: 紫罗兰, 葡萄炭疽菌, 挥发性有机物, 抑菌活性

Abstract: To elucidate inhibitory effects of hoary stock (Matthiola incana) volatiles on grape anthracnose pathogen Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and to identify key bioactive components, mycelial growth rate method, spore germination assay, and detached fruit inoculation method were employed to systematically evaluate the effects of hoary stock mixed volatiles at varying concentrations, as well as individual volatile monomers, on colony growth, spore germination, and pathogenicity of C. gloeosporioides. The antimicrobial mechanism was preliminarily investigated by measuring changes in mycelial extracellular conductivity and key enzyme activities. The results demonstrated that hoary stock mixed volatiles exerted significant dose-dependent inhibitory effects on C. gloeosporioides, and the combined leaf-flower volatiles exhibited superior antimicrobial efficacy compared to leaf or flower volatiles alone. From a panel of 37 volatile monomers, the most potent antimicrobial compounds within the phenol, alcohol, ester, terpene, ketone, aldehyde, and alkane classes were identified as eugenol, 1-octen-3-ol, ethyl benzoate, 1,8-cineole, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, 1,1-diethoxy-ethane, and tridecane, with EC50 values for mycelial growth inhibition of 22.54、 92.80、 124.80、 220.83、 293.85、 1.29×103 and 1.55×104 μL/L, respectively. All seven monomers significantly suppressed spore germination (P<0.05), with 1-octen-3-ol and 6-methyl-5- hepten-2-one demonstrating the most pronounced inhibitory effects. Following treatment with the seven monomers, mycelial extracellular conductivity was significantly elevated, while the activities of CAT, POD, SOD, NAD-MDH, and SDH were reduced, suggesting that the antifungal mechanism may involve disruption of cell membrane integrity, interference with the antioxidant defense system, and inhibition of energy metabolism. The bioactive volatile monomers identified from hoary stock in this study demonstrated considerable potential for development as plant-derived green fungicides or postharvest fumigants.

Key words: Matthiola incana, grape anthracnose, volatile organic compound, antimicrobial activity

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