8种植物精油对4种植物病原真菌的抑菌活性及椒蒿精油的GC-MS成分分析

doi:10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2022.02.031

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探究植物精油对4种植物病原真菌的抑菌活性，通过水蒸汽蒸馏法提取8种植物精油，菌丝生长抑制法测定精油对尖孢镰刀菌、串珠镰刀菌、黄色镰孢菌和立枯丝核菌的抑菌活性。结果表明：驱虫斑鸠菊精油无抑菌活性，其他7种植物精油均有一定的抑菌活性，其中香青兰和椒蒿精油的活性最强，在体积浓度为0.5 µL/mL时，香青兰精油对尖孢镰刀菌、黄色镰孢菌和立枯丝核菌的抑菌率在95%以上，椒蒿精油对4种病原真菌的抑菌率在70%以上。在体积浓度为0.05 µL/mL时，椒蒿精油对4种病原真菌的抑菌率均在50%以上，香青兰精油对尖孢镰刀菌、黄色镰孢菌和立枯丝核菌的抑菌率在35%以上。通过气相色谱−质谱联用（Gas Chromatography−Mass Spectrometer, GC−MS）技术对椒蒿精油进行化学成分分析，a,a-二甲基-1,4-二氧-2-奈乙醛的相对含量最高，占比72.17%。本研究可为植物病原微生物的绿色防控提供基础资料。

关键词: 精油, 病原真菌, 椒蒿, 香青兰, 抑菌活性

Abstract: Essential oils are plant-derived aromatic compounds that exhibit multifarious biological activities.The aim of this study was to evaluate the fungicidal activities of 8 essential oils against four pathogenic microorganisms, such as Fusarium oxysporum,F.moniliforme,F.culmorum and Rhizoctonia solani.The afore-mentioned oils were extracted by steam distillation.The results showed that eight essential oils but Vernonia anthelmintica exhibited fungicidal activity against four fungi.Among all the essential oils,Dracocephalum moldavica and Artemisia dracunculus displayed the highest fungicidal activity.At the concentration of 0.5 μL/mL,the inhibition rates of D.moldavica essential oil to F.oxysporum,F.culmorum and R.solani were all above 95%,and the inhibition rates of A.dracunculus essential oil to four pathogenic fungi were all above 70%.At the concentration of 0.05 μL/mL,the inhibition rates of D.moldavica essential oil against F.oxysporum,F.culmorum and R.solani were all above 35%,and the inhibition rates of A.dracunculus essential oil against four pathogenic fungi were all above 50%.The essential oil of A.dracunculus was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.The main component of the essential oil was 1,4-dihydro-.alpha.,.alpha.-dimethyl-1,4-dioxo-2-Naphthaleneacetaldehyde.In summary,the above results suggested that naturally occurring essential oils have the potential to be developed as natural fungicides.

Key words: essential oil, fungus, Artemisia dracunculus, Dracocephalum moldavica, fungicidal activity

中图分类号:

S432

赵娜娜, 杨安沛, 加米古丽·木斯尔汗, 闫曦蕊. 8种植物精油对4种植物病原真菌的抑菌活性及椒蒿精油的GC-MS成分分析[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2022, 38(5): 1261-1268.

ZHAO Nana, YANG Anpei, MSERHAN Jiamigul, YAN Xirui. Fungicidal Activity of 8 Naturally Derived Essential Oils against Four Fungi and Chemical Composition of Artemisia dracunculus by GC-MS[J]. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 2022, 38(5): 1261-1268.

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