管氏肿腿蜂对双条杉天牛的寄生行为及防治潜力

doi:10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2022.05.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 双条杉天牛Semanotus bifasciatus是柏科树木上毁灭性蛀干害虫之一,管氏肿腿蜂是蛀干害虫良好的寄生性天敌,对控制天牛危害具有重要作用。本文采用室内寄生试验和林间放蜂试验,明确应用管氏肿腿蜂防治双条杉天牛幼虫的最佳虫蜂比。不同虫蜂比对管氏肿腿蜂发育历期无显著影响。管氏肿腿蜂寄生双条杉天牛幼虫后,发育1代需35~36 d,接种后5~7 d管氏肿腿蜂开始在双条杉天牛幼虫体表产卵,5~6 d后卵孵化为幼虫,2~3 d后化蛹,19~22 d后羽化,后代雌蜂明显多于雄蜂。虫蜂比为1:1、1:2和1:3时,孵化率分别为94.75%、90.68%、63.34%;羽化率分别为87.97%、80.39%、29.18%。随虫蜂比增大,其产卵量和孵化量逐渐增大,1:3时达最大,分别为79.17粒和49.83头。羽化量的变化趋势则与产卵量和孵化量基本相反,即随着接蜂量的增大,羽化量逐渐降低,1:3时最低,为14.33头。室内离体枝条寄生试验中,虫蜂比1:2、1:3和1:4时,寄生率分别为19.57%、37.95%和16.37%;在林间放蜂条件下,放蜂2~3 s后管氏肿腿蜂爬出玻璃管寻找寄主,2~3 d后,管氏肿腿蜂找到并开始钻蛀双条杉天牛幼虫蛀孔,20 d后管氏肿腿蜂成功寄生双条杉天牛幼虫,并化蛹,30 d后管氏肿腿蜂子代羽化为成虫并钻出蛀道再次寻找寄主进行寄生。以1:3的虫蜂比进行林间放蜂,寄生率为18.18%~54.55%,平均寄生率27.30%。

关键词: 双条杉天牛, 管氏肿腿蜂, 发育历期, 寄生过程, 虫蜂比

Abstract: Semanotus bifasciatus is one of the severe wood-borers on cypress trees,Sclerodermus guani is a good natural enemy of stem borers and plays an important role in natural controlling the damage of longhorned beetles.In this paper,indoor parasitism test and field experiment were carried out to determine the potential of using S.guani to control S.bifasciatus.Different host-parasitoid ratios had no significant influence on the developmental duration of S.guani.After parasitizing the larvae of S.motschulsky,the S.guani developed for one generation about 35-36 days.5-7 days after inoculation,the parasitoid began to lay eggs on the surface of S.bifasciatus larvae.5-6 days later,the eggs hatched.2-3 days later,it pupated.19-22 days later,it emerged.The number of females in offsprings was significantly higher than that of males.When the host-parasitoid ratios were 1:1,1:2 and 1:3,the hatching rates were 94.75%,90.68% and 63.34% respectively;the eclosion rates were 87.97%,80.39% and 29.18% respectively.With the increase of S.guani population,the number of eggs laid (79.17) and hatching (49.83) increased gradually,reaching the maximum at 1:3.The variation trend of eclosion was basically opposite to that of oviposition and hatching,that is,with the increase of S.guani population,the number of eclosion (14.33) gradually decreased,reaching the lowest at 1:3;When the host-parasitoid ratios were 1:2,1:3 and 1:4 in vitro branch parasitic experiment,the parasitism rates were 19.57%,37.95% and 16.37%,respectively.In the field experiment,S.guani climbed out of the glass tube to search for the host 2-3 seconds after inoculation.After 2-3 days,S.guani found and began to dig the boreholes of the larvae of S.bifasciatus.20 days later,S.guani successfully parasitized the larvae of S.motschulsky and pupated.30 days later,the offspring of S.guani emerged into adults and drilled out the boreholes to find the host again.When the host-parasitoid ratio was 1:3,the parasitism rate was 18.18%-54.55% and the average parasitism rate was 27.30%.

Key words: Semanotus bifasciatus, Sclerodermus guani, development period, parasitism process, host-parasitoid ratio

中图分类号:

S476.3

白嘉伟, 王雪菲, 张杰, 朱会营, 魏步飞, 任海潮, 李会平. 管氏肿腿蜂对双条杉天牛的寄生行为及防治潜力[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2022, 38(4): 1048-1054.

BAI Jiawei, WANG Xuefei, ZHANG Jie, ZHU Huiying, WEI Bufei, REN Haichao, LI Huiping. Parasitic Behavior and Control Potential of Sclerodermus guani(Hymenoptera:Bethylidae) on Semanotus bifasciatus (Coleoptera:Cerambycidae)[J]. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 2022, 38(4): 1048-1054.

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