甜菜夜蛾在不同寄主植物上的适合度及寄主选择

doi:10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2023.03.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 甜菜夜蛾Spodoptera exigua (Hübner)为多食性害虫，对大田作物、蔬菜和花卉等造成严重为害。本文以芹菜Apium graveolens、反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus、分葱Allium fistulosum L. var. caespitosum Makino和青菜Brassica chinensis为对象，研究不同寄主植物对甜菜夜蛾生长发育及繁殖的影响，甜菜夜蛾成虫对不同寄主植物的产卵选择以及幼虫的寄主选择行为。结果表明，甜菜夜蛾幼虫发育历期、蛹重、产卵量等参数在寄主植物间有显著差异。取食分葱的甜菜夜蛾幼虫历期最长，取食反枝苋最短。取食青菜的蛹重最重, 产卵量最高；取食芹菜的产卵量最低，取食分葱的蛹重最轻。甜菜夜蛾在芹菜、反枝苋、分葱和青菜4种寄主植物上均能实现种群繁殖，其中，与芹菜、分葱相比，反枝苋和青菜更加有利于甜菜夜蛾生长发育。甜菜夜蛾在4种寄主植物上的落卵量由高到低的顺序为反枝苋（222.1粒/♀），分葱（181.6粒/♀），芹菜（96.3粒/♀），青菜（26.2粒/♀）。在幼虫寄主选择试验中，甜菜夜蛾对青菜的取食选择率最高，分葱最低; 3龄幼虫的选择性最强，5龄幼虫的选择性相对较弱。研究结果表明成虫的产卵选择与幼虫的取食选择偏好不一致，而幼虫取食选择与其生长发育趋势一致，为利用推-拉策略防控甜菜夜蛾提供了科学支撑。

关键词: 甜菜夜蛾, 寄主植物, 生长发育, 寄主选择

Abstract: Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) is a polyphagous pest that causes serious damage to crops, vegetables and flowers. In this paper, we investigated the effects of different host plants on the growth, development and reproduction of S. exigua after feeding on different host plants, and the host selection behavior of S. exigua adults for oviposition and larval feeding on different host plants, using celery Apium graveolens, amaranth Amaranthus retroflexus, split onion Allium fistulosum L. var. caespitosum Makino and bok choy Brassica chinensis as subjects. The results showed that S. exigua larvae developmental epochs, pupae weight, egg number and other parameters differed significantly among host plants. S. exigua larvae that fed on split onion had the longest developmental duration and those that fed on Amaranthus had the shortest developmental duration. The heaviest pupae and the highest egg number were found in those feeding on bok choy, while the lowest egg number was found in those feeding on celery and the lightest pupae were found in those feeding on split onion. It was found that the S. exigua were able to reproduce on all four host plants, among which, amaranth and bok choy were more favorable host plants than celery and split onion. The order of egg number on the four host plants was: amaranth (222.1 eggs/♀), split onion (181.6 eggs/♀), celery (96.3 eggs/♀), bok choy (26.2 eggs/♀). In the larval host selection test, the S. exigua had the highest feeding selection rate on bok choy and the lowest on split onion; and the 3rd instar larvae were the most selective and the 5th instar larvae were relatively less selective. The results showed that the egg-laying selection of adults and larval feeding selection were not consistent, while the larval feeding selection was consistent with their growth and development trends, which provides scientific support for the use of push-pull strategy to prevent and control S. exigua.

Key words: Spodoptera exigua, host plant, growth and development, host selection

中图分类号:

S476

王凯, 程禹铭, 孙清明, 杨益众, 苏宏华. 甜菜夜蛾在不同寄主植物上的适合度及寄主选择[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2023, 39(2): 346-354.

WANG Kai, CHENG Yuming, SUN Qingming, YANG Yizhong, SU Honghua. Effect of Different Host Plants on the Growth and Development of Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) and Its Host Selection[J]. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 2023, 39(2): 346-354.

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