梨木虱若虫的盾形构造对异色瓢虫捕食效率的影响

doi:10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2023.11.020

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 猎物的形态构造可能影响到天敌的捕食效率。本研究旨在揭示梨园重要害虫梨木虱的“盾形”外形构造对天敌异色瓢虫捕食的影响。研究了异色瓢虫对不同形态猎物梨木虱（盾形）和梨二叉蚜、绣线菊蚜（椭球形）若虫的捕食差异，进一步通过设置不同姿态（背部朝上、腹部朝上，自由活动）的梨木虱若虫改变其盾形保护作用，分析了异色瓢虫对三者在不同选择处理下的捕食差异。结果表明：在混合猎物条件下（梨木虱和梨二叉蚜；梨木虱和绣线菊蚜），异色瓢虫4龄幼虫对梨木虱和梨二叉蚜若虫的捕食量分别为37.00和42.20头，对梨木虱和绣线菊蚜若虫的捕食量分别为21.40和42.80头；异色瓢虫雌成虫对梨木虱和梨二叉蚜若虫的捕食量分别为10.25和55.00头，对梨木虱和绣线菊蚜若虫的捕食量分别为21.80和48.20头，异色瓢虫对蚜虫捕食偏好明显。非选择条件下，异色瓢虫2～4龄幼虫和雌成虫对腹部朝上梨木虱若虫的捕食量分别为9.40、27.40、66.75和40.00头，对背部朝上梨木虱若虫的捕食量分别为7.60、15.60、46.00和25.60头；各龄期异色瓢虫对腹部朝上梨木虱若虫的捕食量均大于背部朝上处理。选择条件下，各虫态异色瓢虫的捕食偏好由大到小为腹部朝上的梨木虱若虫，自由活动的梨木虱若虫，背部朝上的梨木虱若虫。4龄异色瓢虫对背部朝上姿态的梨木虱若虫平均取食时长（背部朝上： 31.71 min，腹部朝上： 21.64 min）和瞬时取食时长（背部朝上： 37.38 min，腹部朝上： 23.13 min）均显著大于腹部朝上处理。结果表明，梨木虱若虫背部朝上的正扣“盾形”外形构造会增加异色瓢虫的捕食难度、降低其捕食效率。

关键词: 异色瓢虫, 梨木虱, 虫体结构, 捕食偏好, 捕食效率

Abstract: The morphological structure of prey may affect the predation efficiency of natural enemies. The aim of this study was to reveal the influence of the shield-shaped structure of Cacopsylla chinensis an important pest in pear orchard, on predation of the natural enemy Harmonia axyridis. In this study, we carried out two different mixed prey conditions, C. chinensis with Schizaphis piricola (CS) selection treatment and C. chinensis with Aphis citricola (CA) selection treatment. And the predation differences of H. axyridis on different types of preys were explored, such as C. chinensis nymphs (shield-shaped), S. piricola and A. citricola (ellipsoid-shaped). Furthermore, by setting different postures (dorsal facing upwards, abdomen facing upwards, and free movement) of C. chinensis nymphs to change protection effect of their shield-shaped structure, the predation differences of H. axyridis on the three postures of nymphs under different selection treatments were analyzed. The results showed that the 4^th instar larvae of H. axyridis preyed on 37.00 C. chinensis and 42.20 S. piricola nymphs in CS treatment, and they preyed on 21.40 C. chinensis and 42.80 A. citricola nymphs in CA treatment. The female adults of H. axyridis preyed on 10.25 C. chinensis and 55.00 S. piricola nymphs in CS treatment, and they preyed on 21.80 C. chinensis and 48.20 A. citricola nymphs in CA treatment. The H. axyridis showed obvious predation preference on aphids. Under non-selective conditions, the predation number of the 2^nd to 4^th instar larva and female adult of H. axyridis on C. chinensis nymphs with abdomen facing upwards were 9.40, 27.40, 66.75 and 40.00, respectively, and the predation number on C. chinensis nymphs with dorsal facing upwards were 7.60, 15.60, 46.00 and 25.60, respectively. The predation number on H. axyridis of all ages on C. chinensis nymphs with abdomen facing upwards were larger than that on C. chinensis nymphs with dorsal facing upwards. Under selective conditions, the predation preferences of H. axyridis on different postures of nymphs were: C. chinensis nymphs with abdomen facing upwards＞C. chinensis nymphs with free movement＞C. chinensis nymphs with dorsal facing upwards. The average feeding time and instantaneous feeding duration of 4^th instar larvae of H. axyridis on C. chinensis nymphs with dorsal facing upwards were both significantly longer than that of C.chinensis nymphs with abdomen facing upwards. The average feeding time of H. axyridis on C. chinensis nymphs with dorsal facing upwards and abdomen facing upwards were 31.71 min and 21.64 min, respectively. The instantaneous feeding duration of H. axyridis on C. chinensis nymphs with dorsal facing upwards and abdomen facing upwards were 37.38 min and 23.13 min, respectively. The results showed that the shield-shaped structure with dorsal facing upwards of C. chinensis nymphs increased the predation difficulty and decreased the predation efficiency of H. axyridis.

Key words: Harmonia axyridis, Cacopsylla chinensis, insect body structure, predatory preference, predatory efficiency

中图分类号:

S476.2

薛涪, 纪心如, 高欣, 赵龙龙, 杨金宇, 冀佳悦, 马瑞燕. 梨木虱若虫的盾形构造对异色瓢虫捕食效率的影响[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2024, 40(5): 977-986.

XUE Fu, JI Xinru, GAO Xin, ZHAO Longlong, YANG Jinyv, JI Jiayue, MA Ruiyan. Effect of the Shield-shaped Structure of Cacopsylla chinensis Nymph on Predation Efficiency of Harmonia axyridis[J]. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 2024, 40(5): 977-986.

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