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中国生物防治学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (3): 530-541.DOI: 10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2025.02.017

• 中药材生物防治专题 • 上一篇    

枸杞根腐病生防复合菌系构建及效果研究

李雪萍1, 汪学苗2, 李建军1, 马佳勇1, 许世洋2, 漆永红1   

  1. 1. 甘肃省农业科学院植物保护研究所, 兰州 730070;
    2. 兰州大学草地农业科技学院, 兰州 730020
  • 收稿日期:2024-01-23 发布日期:2025-06-20
  • 通讯作者: 漆永红
  • 作者简介:李雪萍,博士,副研究员,E-mail: lixueping@gsagr.cn;漆永红,通信作者,研究员,E-mail: qiyonghong920@gsagr.cn。
  • 基金资助:
    甘肃省农业科学院重点研发计划(2023GAAS22,2022GAAS47);兰州市科技计划项目(2022-2-93)

Construction of Bacterial Consortia and Its Biocontrol Effects on Root Rot of Lycium bararum

LI Xueping1, WANG Xuemiao2, LI Jianjun1, MA Jiayong1, XU Shiyang2, QI Yonghong1   

  1. 1. Institute of Plant Protection, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, China;
    2. College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
  • Received:2024-01-23 Published:2025-06-20

摘要: 为得到有效的枸杞Lycium bararum根腐病防治及促生菌剂。本研究采集健康枸杞根际土壤样品,以枸杞根腐病病原尖镰孢Fusarium oxysporum及茄镰孢Fusarium solani为靶标,平板对峙法筛选拮抗菌,选择培养法筛选固氮菌、溶磷菌及解钾菌,凯氏定氮法测定固氮量,钼锑抗比色法测定溶磷量,火焰原子吸收光谱法测定解钾量。然后选取特性良好且相互无拮抗作用的菌株形成不同复合菌系,测定各菌系的拮抗及促生特性,经Topsis综合评价筛选得到最优复合菌系。对最优复合菌系所涉及菌株进行分子鉴定,同时田间试验测定其防病促生效果。结果发现,共筛选得到防病促生细菌186株,其中拮抗菌91株,B14对尖镰孢的的拮抗作用最好,抑菌率为75.33%,B22对茄镰孢抑菌率最高,为79.59%;固氮菌138株,O30固氮量最高,为0.111 g/L;溶有机磷菌77株,B13溶有机磷量最高,为188.1 μg/mL;溶无机磷菌76株,O28溶无机磷能力最强,溶磷量为828.87 μg/mL;解钾菌21株,K5解钾量最高,为100.2 mg/L。筛选得到优良复合菌系4个,其中Q2综合特性最优,抑菌率为82.65%,溶有机磷量为213.71 μg/mL,溶无机磷量为1034.22 μg/mL,固氮量为0.257 g/L,解钾量为103.66 mg/L,均高于单个最优菌株。鉴定发现最优复合菌系Q2包括摩加夫芽胞杆菌Bacillus mojavensis O30、贝莱斯芽胞杆菌B.velezensis B22、枯草芽胞杆菌B.subtilis B10和O44、耐盐芽胞杆菌B.halotolerans K5。田间试验发现最优复合菌系Q2对枸杞根腐病的防效为90%,枸杞株高平均增加20%,茎粗平均增加9%;根际土壤中盐碱含量降低,碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾及有机质含量增加,土壤细菌、放线菌数量升高,真菌数量降低。综上,本研究所构建的复合菌系具有防治枸杞根腐病、促进植株生长、降低根际土壤盐碱含量、提升土壤养分及调节微生物群落结构的作用。

关键词: 枸杞, 根腐病, 生防菌, 促生菌, 复合菌系

Abstract: To obtain an effective biocontrol consortium for the management of root rot and promotion of growth in Lycium barbarum. The rhizosphere soil samples from healthy plants were collected, and antifungal bacteria were screened using the dual-culture method, targeting the pathogens Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium solani. Besides, the bacteria with different plant growth promoting potentials, including nitrogen-fixing, phosphatesolubilizing, and potassium-mobilizing were firstly screened by using different selective media, then quantitative assays of the properties were individually performed by Kjeldahl method, molybdenum-antimony colorimetric method, and flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Composite bacterial consortia were then formulated from strains with desirable traits and no antagonistic interactions. The antagonistic and growth-promoting characteristics of these consortia were evaluated, and the optimal consortium was selected using the TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) method. Molecular identification of the strains in the optimal consortium was performed, and field trials were conducted to assess their efficacy in disease prevention and plant growth promotion. Results showed that a total of 186 beneficial bacteria were isolated, including 91 antagonistic strains, 138 nitrogen-fixing strains, 77 organic phosphate-solubilizing strains, 76 inorganic phosphate-solubilizing strains, and 21 potassium-mobilizing strains. Among the isolates, strain B14 exhibited the best antagonistic activity against Fusarium oxysporum (75.33% inhibition), while strain B22 had the highest inhibition rate against Fusarium solani (79.59%). The highest nitrogen-fixing capacity (0.111 g/L) was observed in strain O30, and the highest organic phosphate solubilization (188.1 μg/mL) was achieved by strain B13. Strain O28 showed the strongest inorganic phosphate solubilization (828.87 μg/mL), while strain K5 had the highest potassium mobilization (100.2 mg/L). Consortium Q2 showed the best overall performance among the primally 4 determined superior composite bacterial consortia, with an inhibition rate of 82.65%, organic phosphate solubilization of 213.71 μg/mL, inorganic phosphate solubilization of 1034.22 μg/mL, nitrogen fixation of 0.257 g/L, and potassium mobilization of 103.66 mg/L, all of which were higher than those of individual optimal strains. Molecular identification revealed that consortium Q2 included Bacillus mojavensis O30, Bacillus velezensis B22, Bacillus subtilis B10 and O44, and Bacillus halotolerans K5. Field trials demonstrated that consortium Q2 achieved a 90% control efficacy against root rot in Lycium barbarum, increased plant height by 20%, and stem diameter by 9%. Additionally, it improved soil health by reducing salinity and enhancing the availability of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and organic matter. The consortium also shifted the rhizosphere microbial community structure, increasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria and actinomycetes while reducing fungal populations. The findings highlight the potential of the Q2 bacterial consortia as a sustainable strategy for managing root rot, promoting plant growth, reducing the salt-alkali content in the rhizosphere soil, improving soil nutrients, and regulating the soil microbial community structure of Lycium barbarum.

Key words: Lycium bararum, root rot, biocontrol bacteria, PGPR, bacterial consortia

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