Abstract: The parasitoids and entomopathogens in overwintering larvae of Ostrinia furnacalis were investigated in major maize production areas in China. A total of 14984 O. furnacalis larvae were collected from 20 locations in 14 provinces in the falls of 2011 and 2012. The larvae were then reared in the laboratory at (26±1) ℃, RH (70%±10%) and photoperiod 16L:8D. Mortalities resulted from two major entomopathogens, Bacillus thuringiensis, Beauveria bassiana, and three parasitic insects, Macrocentrus cingulum, Lydella grisescens, and Eriborus terebranus, were recorded for each location. Averaged mortalities caused by B. thuringiensis and B. bassiana were 36.2% and 14.4%, respectively. The epidemic of B. thuringiensis and B. bassiana were inconsistent among years in northeastern spring maize area. The mortality resulted from B. thuringiensis was significantly higher than that by B. bassiana in summer maize region as well as other regions. M. cingulum and L. grisescens were widespread dominant parasitoids, parasitism averaging across locations were 7.0% and 5.1%, respectively. The ichneumon wasp, E. terebranus, was mainly distributed in the north spring maize area including Hailun, Shenyang, Yingxian and rarely found in summer maize region such as in Baoding, with parasitism less than 1.0%. In conclusion, B. thuringiensis and B. bassiana are dominant natural biological control agents of O. furnacalis overwintering larvae, but showed varied performance. M. cingulum and L. grisescens result in a relatively lower but more consistent parasitism throughout the country. E. terebranus occurs only in specific regions.