稻瘟病生防芽胞杆菌的筛选及防治效果

doi:10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2016.04.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 筛选稻瘟病生防芽胞杆菌，为水稻可持续发展中稻瘟病的防治提供生防种质资源。通过平板对峙培养和离体叶片法筛选稻瘟病菌的拮抗细菌，通过形态特征观察、biolog和16S rDNA序列分析法进行鉴定，田间试验明确供试菌株对稻瘟病的防治效果和促生作用。从280株分离菌中筛选获得3株拮抗细菌对稻瘟病菌具有较好的抑制作用，在番茄燕麦培养基平板上与稻瘟病菌Magnaporthe oryzae P131对峙培养2 d后，菌株SYX04和SYX20的菌丝生长抑制率分别是95.6%和97.5%，菌株S?22菌丝生长抑制率是75%；离体叶片法明确SYX04和SYX20防治效果分别是89.6%和91.9%，与20%三环唑溶液没有显著差异，菌株S?22的防治效果是80.1%。根据16S rDNA序列分析比对结果，菌株SYX04和SYX20与枯草芽胞杆菌属基因序列的同源性最高，结合形态观察和biolog鉴定结果，确定这2株菌为枯草芽胞杆菌Bacillus subtilis，菌株S?22鉴定为多食鞘氨醇杆菌Sphingobacterium multivorum。田间试验结果表明，菌株SYX04和SYX20对水稻有较好的促生作用，分别促进水稻根长6.7%和13.2%、增加株高7.8%和8.2%、增加穗重均为23.1%、增加千粒重分别达到10.7%和11.1%。菌株SYX20对叶瘟的田间防效是73.5%～83.5%，对穗瘟的防治效果是64.0%～85.6%，与75%三环唑可湿性粉剂之间没有显著差异。菌株SYX04对叶瘟的防治效果是71.5%～82.6%，对穗瘟的防治效果是63.5%～83.8%，与绿地康处理之间没有显著差异，但与75%三环唑可湿性粉剂有差异。菌株S?22对叶瘟的防治效果是69.2%～73.3%，对穗瘟的防治效果是61.6%～77.9%。

关键词: 稻瘟病, 芽胞杆菌, 筛选, 生物防治, 鉴定

Abstract: The experiment was carried out to screening Bacillus to control rice blast, in order to provide the germplasm resources for the prevention of rice blast in sustainable development. In this study, the antagonistic activities of all the bacterial isolates were screened against the pathogens by dual inoculation technique and leaf blade in vitro. To determine its classification status, identification experiments were carried out through morphological characteristic observation, biolog determination and 16S rDNA sequences assay. It had been carried out for 2 years field experiments to confirm the inhibition efficacy of test strains against rice blast and its growth-promoting effect. A total of 280 bacteria were isolated from rice leaves of cultivar Rejingyou NO. 35. Only three isolates, SYX04, SYX20 and S-22 strongly inhibited the growth of M. oryzae in dual culture technique and leaf blade in vitro. The highest inhibition rate of growth for M. oryzae on oat-tomato medium plate cultured after 2 d were 95.6%, 97.5% and 75%, respectively. The control effect of strain SYX04, SYX20 and S-22 in leaf blades were 89.6%, 91.9% and 80.1%, respectively. The results of strain SYX04 and SYX20 had no evident difference from the bacteriostatic efficacy of 20% tricyclazole solution. Strain SYX04 and SYX20 had the nearest evolutionary distance with B. subtilis sp. by the comparing of 16S rDNA sequences, combining with its results of morphological characteristic, biolog analysis, they were identified as B. subtilis. Strain S-22 had the nearest evolutionary distance with S. multivorum and was identified as S. multivorum. The experimental results showed that strain SYX04 and SYX20 played a good role in rice growth, could promote rice root length by 6.7% and 13.2%, increase plant height by 7.8% and 8.2%, panicle weight by 23.1%, thousand seed weight by 10.7% and 11.1%, respectively. In field experiments, the control effect of B. subtilis SYX20 against leaf blast by 73.5%―83.5% and panicle blast by 64.0%―85.6%. There were no significant differences between strain SYX20 and 75% tricyclazole wettable powder. The control effect of B. subtilis SYX04 against leaf blast by 71.5%―82.6% and panicle blast by 63.5%―83.8%. There were no significant difference between strain SYX04 and Lüdikang, but different from tricyclazole. The control effect of S. multivorum strain S-22 against rice leaf blast by 69.2%―73.3% and panicle blast by 61.6%―77.9%. The results were different from Lüdikang and tricyclazole.

Key words: rice blast, Bacillus, screen, bio-control, identification

中图分类号:

S476

沙月霞, 王琦, 李燕. 稻瘟病生防芽胞杆菌的筛选及防治效果[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2016, 32(4): 474-484.

SHA Yuexia, WANG Qi, LI Yan. Screening and Prevention of Bacillus Biocontrol against Rice Blast[J]. journal1, 2016, 32(4): 474-484.

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