木霉菌厚垣孢子水分散粒剂的研制及田间应用效果

doi:10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2020.02.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 木霉菌是广泛应用并具有良好防治效果的植物病害生防真菌。市场上木霉菌制剂多是分生孢子为主要成分的可湿性粉剂，存在着货架期短，生产和使用时有粉尘污染等问题。为了解决木霉菌应用上的这一瓶颈问题，提高木霉菌的应用价值，本研究针对木霉菌T4在高产厚垣孢子发酵培养基及工艺优化的基础上，对其水分散粒剂的工业化生产工艺进行了研究。确定以硅藻土为载体，3%稳定剂羧甲基纤维素钠，0.4% UV保护剂抗坏血酸，4%崩解剂可溶性淀粉，3.2%粘结剂淀粉，利用摇摆湿法进行造粒，得到1×10⁸cfu/g的木霉菌T4水分散粒剂。在田间防治番茄灰霉病，花期或者发病初期首次用药，施药浓度为300～500倍稀释液，施药间隔期为7 d，总共用药3次。结果显示，最佳使用浓度为300倍稀释，对番茄灰霉病的防治效果达到71.85%，与50%啶酰菌胺水分散粒剂1000倍稀释液防治效果相当，具有较好的应用前景。

关键词: 木霉菌, 水分散粒剂, 灰霉病防治

Abstract: Trichoderma is a biocontrol fungus that has been proved to have good control effect in the field on grape gray mold, tomato Fusarium wilt and melon anthrax. Most Trichoderma preparations on the market are wettable powders with conidia as the main component, which has the problem of short shelf life and dust pollution when used. In order to solve this bottleneck problem in the application of Trichoderma and improve its application value, this study focused on the industrial production of Trichoderma T4 as a water dispersible granule agent on the basis of the optimization of the laboratory flask high-yielding chlamydospore fermentation medium. With kieselguhr as carrier, 3% stabilizer CMC, 0.4% UV protectant ascorbic acid, 4% disintegrating agent soluble starch and 3.2% binder starch were selected for granulation by wet swaying granulation method, and 1×10⁸cfu/g Trichoderma T4 WDG was obtained to prevent and control gray mold in the field for the first time in the flowering period or the early stage of the disease. The application concentration was 300-500 times diluted, the application interval was 7 days, and a total of three times. The results showed that the best concentration was 300 times dilution, the control efficacy of tomato gray mold reached 71.85%, which was the same as that of 50% boscalid WDG 1000 times dilution.

Key words: Trichoderma, water dispersible granule, gray mold control

中图分类号:

S476

裴文亮, 王伟. 木霉菌厚垣孢子水分散粒剂的研制及田间应用效果[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2020, 36(2): 241-248.

PEI Wenliang, WANG Wei. Preparation and Field Efficacy of Chlamydospore Water Dispersible Granule of Trichoderma harzianum[J]. Chinese Journal Of Biological Control, 2020, 36(2): 241-248.

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