木霉不同施用方式对黄瓜幼苗质量特性及枯萎病防效的影响

doi:10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2019.03.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 黄瓜枯萎病是设施黄瓜栽培中最为常见且为害严重的土传真菌病害，应用生防菌防治黄瓜枯萎病，对黄瓜安全生产有重要意义。试验采用前期筛选的对黄瓜枯萎病菌有较好拮抗效果的3株木霉菌，即棘孢木霉Trichoderma asperellum 525、哈茨木霉T.harzianum 610和拟康氏木霉T.pseudokoningii 886，利用盆栽试验，测定了木霉菌不同施用方式对黄瓜幼苗质量及枯萎病防效的影响。3种施用方式分别为T1（木霉与病原菌同时接种）、T2（先接种木霉菌，2 d后接种病原菌）和T3（先接种病原菌，2 d后接种木霉）。结果显示，3株木霉菌对黄瓜枯萎病的防效均在64.78%以上，且以拟康氏木霉886的T2施用方式的防效最高，达到81.54%。在播种后8~14 d，所有木霉菌处理的黄瓜幼苗壮苗指数、叶绿素含量、根系活力、硝态氮含量、硝酸还原酶活性、根系总吸收面积均比CK1（只接种病原菌孢子悬液）显著上升，3种施用方式中以T2处理对上述6项指标的促进效果最显著，并以拟康氏木霉886在播种后14 d的6项指标增加幅度最大，该处理的黄瓜壮苗指数、叶绿素含量、根系活力、硝态氮含量、硝酸还原酶活性、根系总吸收面积的增加幅度分别达到210.06%、74.39%、37.23%、54.45%、88.00%和51.11%。本研究的3株木霉菌通过提高黄瓜幼苗生理代谢活性，增强了幼苗质量，提高了对黄瓜枯萎病的抗性，在应用中，提前施入木霉菌，有利于提高黄瓜幼苗对病害的防治效果，为后期提高黄瓜产量和品质奠定基础条件。

关键词: 木霉菌, 黄瓜, 枯萎病, 生理特性, 壮苗指标

Abstract: Cucumber Fusarium wilt is one of common and serious soil-borne fungal disease in protected cucumber cultivation, and biological control of Cucumber Fusarium wilt is of great significance to the safe production of cucumber. In this study, the effect of application modes of three Trichoderma strains on the seedling quality characteristics and control effects against fusarium wilt of cucumber through pot culture were evaluated. The three Trichoderma strains were Trichoderma asperellum 525, Trichoderma harzianum 610, and Trichoderma pseudokoningii 886 with anti-Fusarium oxysporum activity. The three application modes of the 3 strains were T1 (simultaneous inoculation of Trichoderma and pathogen), T2 (inoculation of Trichoderma first, and then pathogen 2 days later) and T3 (inoculation with pathogen first, and then Trichoderma 2 days later). The results showed that the control efficacies of Trichoderma against Cucumber Fusarium Wilt were all above 64.78%, and the application mode T2 of T. pseudokoningii 886 was the most effective, with control efficacy of 81.54%. Compared with CK1 (inoculation with pathogen alone), vigorous seedling index, chlorophyll content, root activity, nitrate nitrogen content, nitrate reductase activity, root total absorbing area of cucumber seedlings significantly improved. Among the three application modes, T2 had the most promoting effect on the above 6 indicators of the cucumber seedlings at 8-14 d after sowing. T. pseudokoningii 886 had significant increased vigorous seedling index, chlorophyll content, root activity, nitrate nitrogen content, nitrate reductase activity, root total absorbing area of cucumber seedlings at 14 days after sowing, by 210.06%, 74.39%, 37.23%, 54.45%, 88.00% and 51.11%, respectively. The results showed that the three Trichoderma strains can improve the physiological metabolic activity and enhance the seedling quality, therefore restrain the incidence of Cucumber Fusarium wilt. Application of Trichoderma preparations in advance will be beneficial to the disease control of cucumber seedlings and lay the foundation for the improvement of the yield and quality of Cucumber in the later period.

Key words: Trichoderma, cucumber, Fusarium wilt, physiological characteristics, vigorous seedling index

中图分类号:

S476

王依纯, 廉华, 马光恕, 李梅, 高长敏, 台莲梅, 曲虹云. 木霉不同施用方式对黄瓜幼苗质量特性及枯萎病防效的影响[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2019, 35(3): 416-425.

WANG Yichun, LIAN Hua, MA Guangshu, LI Mei, GAO Changmin, TAI Lianmei, QU Hongyun. Effects of Application Modes of Trichoderma on Seedling Quality Characteristics of Cucumber and Control Effect against Fusarium Wilt[J]. journal1, 2019, 35(3): 416-425.

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