欢迎访问中国生物防治学报,今天是

中国生物防治学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (4): 701-708.DOI: 10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2021.03.019

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

油松蛀干害虫及其寄生蜂在树干上的垂直分布

杨丽元1, 刘仁军2, 赵筱菲3, 黄实3, 华杰1, 孙守慧1   

  1. 1. 沈阳农业大学林学院, 沈阳 110866;
    2. 沈阳市森林资源监测中心, 沈阳 110136;
    3. 沈阳市东陵公园, 沈阳 110161
  • 收稿日期:2020-12-01 发布日期:2021-09-18
  • 通讯作者: 孙守慧,博士,教授,E-mail:ssh1@syau.edu.cn。
  • 作者简介:杨丽元,博士,讲师,E-mail:yangliyuan87@syau.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    沈阳市科学技术计划项目(18-400-3-03);国家重点研发计划(2018YFC1200400);沈阳农业大学博士科研启动项目(880418015)

Vertical Distribution of Wood-boring Pests and Its Parasitic Wasp in Pinus tabulaeformis

YANG Liyuan1, LIU Renjun2, ZHAO Xiaofei3, HUANG Shi3, HUA Jie1, SUN Shouhui1   

  1. 1. College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China;
    2. Shenyang Forest Resources Monitoring Center, Shenyang 110136, China;
    3. Shenyang Dongling Park, Shenyang 110161, China
  • Received:2020-12-01 Published:2021-09-18

摘要: 油松Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.是沈阳地区主要的造林和绿化树种,为了明确沈阳市松材线虫病首发地油松蛀干害虫的发生情况,摸清其寄生性天敌昆虫的种类,2019年3月至2019年10月,本研究使用木段解剖法和林间木段套笼饲养法对沈阳市东陵公园油松蛀干害虫及其寄生性天敌的种类、羽化期和在树干上的垂直分布情况进行了研究。3月对油松松材线虫病采伐疫木的解剖发现了3种天牛幼虫;4—10月从养虫笼木段中持续收集羽化的蛀干害虫和寄生蜂成虫共4科(亚科)11种,其中天牛科4种,小蠹亚科3种,寄生蜂4种。蛀干害虫的分布优势排序依次为黄色梢小蠹Cryphalus fulvus Niisima、横坑切梢小蠹Tomicus minor(Hartig)、松皮天牛Rhagium inquisitor(Linnaeus)、褐梗天牛Arhopalus rusticus(Linnaeus)、小灰长角天牛Acanthocinus griseus(Fabricius)、红松根小蠹Hylastes plumbeus Blandford和脊鞘幽天牛Asemum striatum(Linnaeus);寄生蜂的分布优势排序依次为始刻柄茧蜂Atanycolus initiator(Fabricius)、柄腹茧蜂Spathius sp.、定山皱背姬蜂Rhyssa jozana Matsumura和黑角拟皱姬蜂Pseudorhyssa nigricornis(Ratzeburg)。疫木解剖试验发现松皮天牛和小灰长角天牛的幼虫在树干不同部位的虫口密度没有明显差异,而褐梗天牛的幼虫在基部虫口密度最大,与中部和端部的差异极显著。套笼蛀干害虫及寄生蜂羽化成虫的垂直分布规律研究发现,黄色梢小蠹在油松树干中、上部占据生态位优势,横坑切梢小蠹在2.0~4.0 m的油松树干数量最多,小灰长角天牛和松皮天牛在油松树干各个高度分布相对均匀,褐梗天牛在油松树干下部占据生态位优势,始刻柄茧蜂数量最多,以0.0~4.0 m的范围最多;柄腹茧蜂在4.0~10.0 m的范围较多。本文明确了沈阳市东陵公园油松蛀干害虫及天敌的发生情况,对于指导本地蛀干害虫防治和进一步开发利用昆虫天敌资源都具有重要的意义。

关键词: 油松, 蛀干害虫, 寄生蜂, 羽化期, 垂直分布

Abstract: Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. is the main afforestation and ornamental species in Shenyang area. To clarify the occurrence of wood-boring pests in P. tabulaeformis at the first occurrence site of Pine Wilt Disease (PWD) in Shenyang and the parasitic natural enemy species, we investigated the species, emergence period, and vertical distribution of wood-boring pests and their parasitic natural enemies in P. tabulaeformis using the wood segmental dissection and cage feeding methods, from March 2019 to October 2019. In March, larvae of three longicorn species were found in the dissected quarantine timber of PWD. From April to October, eleven species from four families (subfamilies) wood-boring pests, and parasitic wasp adults were collected continuously from the insect cages. The dominant wood-boring pests species ranked as Cryphalus fulvus Niisima, Tomicus minor (Hartig), Rhagium inquisitor (Linnaeus), Arhopalus rusticus (Linnaeus), Acanthocinus griseus (Fabricius), Hylastes plumbeus Blandford, and Asemum striatum (Linnaeus). The dominant parasitic wasp species ranked as Atanycolus initiator (Fabricius), Spathius sp., Rhyssa jozana Matsumura, and Pseudorhyssa nigricornis (Ratzeburg). Dissection tests of quarantine timber revealed that population size of R. inquisitor and A. griseus larvae did not differ in different parts of the trunk. Arhopalus rusticus larvae were of the highest population size in the bottom part and were more than those in the middle and upper part. Cryphalus fulvus dominated in the middle and upper part of P. tabulaeformis trunk, T. minor was the most at the trunk height of 2.0-4.0 m, A. griseus and R. inquisitor were of relatively uniform population size at different trunk heights, A. rusticus dominated in the bottom part of the trunk, A. initiator was the dominant species, especially at the trunk height of 2.0-4.0 m, Spathius sp. distributed more at the trunk height of 4.0-10.0 m. The results specified in this paper are of great significance for the control of local pests and further development and utilization of insect natural enemy resources.

Key words: Pinus tabulaeformis, wood-boring pest, parasitic wasp, emergence period, vertical distribution

中图分类号: