稻田寄生蜂和鳞翅目昆虫的多样性及变化动态

doi:10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2017.05.003

中国生物防治学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (5): 590-596.DOI: 10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2017.05.003

稻田寄生蜂和鳞翅目昆虫的多样性及变化动态

申昭灿¹, 陈龙¹, 邬家栋¹, 李元喜¹, 王甦²

1. 南京农业大学植物保护学院, 南京 210095;
2. 北京市农林科学院植物保护环境保护研究所, 北京 100097

收稿日期:2017-05-07 出版日期:2017-10-08 发布日期:2017-10-11
通讯作者: 李元喜, 王甦
作者简介:申昭灿,硕士研究生,E-mail:2015102078@njau.edu.cn;李元喜,教授,E-mail:yxli@njau.edu.cn;王甦,副研究员,E-mail:anthocoridae@163.com。
基金资助:
公益性行业（农业）科研专项（201203036）；北京市农林科学院科技创新能力建设专项（KJCX20140101）

Diversity and Dynamic of Parasitoid Wasps and Lepidopteran Insects during Growth Stages of Rice

SHEN Zhaocan¹, CHEN Long¹, WU Jiadong¹, LI Yuanxi¹, WANG Su²

1. College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
2. Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China

Received:2017-05-07 Online:2017-10-08 Published:2017-10-11

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 稻田中的寄生蜂是水稻害虫重要的自然天敌，在生物防治中起重要作用，但是寄生蜂作用的发挥受到许多因素的影响。本文使用马氏诱集器调查了水稻各生育期稻田中寄生蜂和鳞翅目昆虫的种类及数量，分析了水稻生育期对寄生蜂及其主要寄主鳞翅目昆虫数量的影响。结果发现，在水稻各生育期捕获的寄生蜂数量均显著多于鳞翅目昆虫数量。其中姬蜂科、茧蜂科、赤眼蜂科、缨小蜂科及缘腹细蜂科等属于寄生蜂的优势类群，分别占物种总数的11.80%、11.71%、9.18%、15.51%和11.83%。鳞翅目中，螟蛾科、夜蛾科、卷蛾科和蛱蝶科等为优势类群，分别占物种总数的22.32%、20.87%、26.28%和12.75%。随着水稻生育期的变化，寄生蜂数量先上升后下降，在水稻乳熟期达到最大值，显著高于其他7个生育期的结果。寄生蜂科的Shannon多样性指数，辛普森指数无明显的变化，均匀度指数到乳熟期时有所降低（0.790），随后逐渐上升直到收获。鳞翅目昆虫也呈现先上升后下降趋势，水稻扬花期数量最多，与其他生育期间存在显著差异；鳞翅目科的Shannon多样性指数和辛普森指数在分蘖期到抽穗期虽有波动，但各生育期间差异不显著。在水稻抽穗期到蜡熟期，稻田中鳞翅目科的均匀度指数波动较大，多个生育期间存在显著差异。结果表明，水稻生育期对寄生蜂与鳞翅目昆虫发生数量存在一定的影响，在特定生育期间对昆虫丰富度和多样性存在显著的影响。

关键词: 寄生蜂, 鳞翅目昆虫, 马氏诱集器, 多样性, 水稻生育期

Abstract: Parasitoid wasps are important natural enemies in paddy rice and play an important role in biological control. However, their role is significantly affected by many factors. To investigate the effect of different crop growing stage on the diversity of parasitoids wasps and lepidopteran insects, we used Malaise trap to collect the parasitoid wasps and lepidopteran insects in rice fields. The results showed that the population size of parasitoid wasps was far more than lepidopteran insects in each growth period. The Ichneumonidae, Braconidae, Trichogrammatidae, Mymaridae and Scelionidae were the dominant wasp groups in rice fields, accounting for 11.80%, 11.71%, 9.18%, 15.51% and 11.83% of the total wasps population size, respectively. Among the order, Lepidoptera, Pyralidae, Noctuidae, Tortricidae and Nymphalidae were the dominant species, accounting for 22.32%, 20.87%, 26.28% and 12.75% of the total, respectively. The number of parasitic wasps increased at the initial stages of rice and then decreased with the development of rice, reaching the highest at the milky stage and differed significantly from other seven growth stages. The Shannon diversity index and the Simpson index of the parasitic wasps did not vary significantly, but the evenness index decreased at the milky stage (0.790) and then gradually increased until harvest. The number of Lepidopteran insects also increased at the early rice stages and then decreased with the development of the rice, and reached the highest at the flowering stage and differed significantly from other growth stages. There were no significant differences in the Shannon diversity index and the Simpson index of Lepidopteran insects among the rice stages. However, the evenness index of Lepidoptera insect fluctuated greatly from the rice heading stage to the ripening stage and differed significantly among many stages. So the growth stage of rice affects the population size of parasitic wasps and Lepidopteran insect, and has significant effects on diversity and richness of parasitic wasps and Lepidopteran insect in specific stage.

Key words: parasitoid wasp, Lepidopteran insect, malaise trap, diversity, rice growth stages

中图分类号:

S476.3

申昭灿, 陈龙, 邬家栋, 李元喜, 王甦. 稻田寄生蜂和鳞翅目昆虫的多样性及变化动态[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2017, 33(5): 590-596.

SHEN Zhaocan, CHEN Long, WU Jiadong, LI Yuanxi, WANG Su. Diversity and Dynamic of Parasitoid Wasps and Lepidopteran Insects during Growth Stages of Rice[J]. journal1, 2017, 33(5): 590-596.

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稻田寄生蜂和鳞翅目昆虫的多样性及变化动态

Diversity and Dynamic of Parasitoid Wasps and Lepidopteran Insects during Growth Stages of Rice

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