草地贪夜蛾蛹寄生蜂——霍氏啮小蜂生物学特性

doi:10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2021.03.034

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 草地贪夜蛾是2019年初入侵我国的重要农业害虫，国外对草地贪夜蛾的生物防治技术研究较深入，报道较多的是寄生性天敌，霍氏啮小蜂是其重要的蛹期寄生性天敌。为探明不同糖源和不同温度条件下霍氏啮小蜂对草地贪夜蛾的生防潜力，本研究比较了不同糖源和不同温度对霍氏啮小蜂发育的影响。结果表明，蜂蜜、蔗糖、葡萄糖均能显著延长霍氏啮小蜂雌、雄蜂寿命，寿命延长皆在10 d以上，且与对照相比，出蜂量及寄生率也显著提高。在26 ℃时，该蜂寄生率可达72.67%；在18 ℃，雌、雄蜂寿命分别可达42 d和24 d。其世代发育起点温度为10.9 ℃，有效积温273.49日·度。高温（高于32 ℃）和低温（低于18 ℃）下，该蜂寄生率下降明显。综合各个参数，在26 ℃～30 ℃繁殖该蜂效率显著高于其他温度，可作为室内繁蜂的适宜温度。研究结果对霍氏啮小蜂繁育及利用其对草地贪夜蛾进行生物防治具有一定的意义。

关键词: 霍氏啮小蜂, 草地贪夜蛾, 生物防治, 营养, 温度

Abstract: Spodoptera frugiperda invaded China in early 2019. The biological control of S. frugiperda has been extensively studied in foreign countries, and parasitic natural enemies are most reported. Tetrastichus howardi is one of the important parasitic wasps infesting pupal stage of S. frugiperda. To clarify the biocontrol potential of the wasp, the effects of different sugar sources and temperatures on T. howardi were compared. The results showed that honey, sucrose and glucose significantly prolonged the lifespan of female and male wasp adults by more than 10 days. Compared to the control, the offspring numbers and parasitism rate also significantly increased. At 26℃, the parasitism rate reached 72.67%; while at 18℃, the life span of female and male wasps were 42 d and 24 d, respectively. The generation developmental threshold temperature was 10.9℃, and the effective accumulated temperature was 273.49 days·℃. High temperature (above 32℃) and low temperature (below 18℃) shortened the parasitism rate. Considering all the parameters, 26℃-30℃ is the optimal temperature for indoor rearing the wasp. These results are significant for mass rearing of the wasp and biological control of S. frugiperda.

Key words: Tetrastichus howardi, Spodoptera frugiperda, biological control, nutrition, temperature

中图分类号:

S476.3

苏豪, 吕宝乾, 张宝琴, 吴琦琦, 卢辉, 唐继洪, 吴晓霜. 草地贪夜蛾蛹寄生蜂——霍氏啮小蜂生物学特性[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2021, 37(3): 406-411.

SU Hao, Lü Baoqian, ZHANG Baoqin, WU Qiqi, LU Hui, TANG Jihong, WU Xiaoshuang. Biological Characteristics of Tetrastichus howardi, a Parasitoid of Spodoptera frugiperda[J]. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 2021, 37(3): 406-411.

参考文献

[1] Luginbill P. The fall army worm[M]. Washington D C:US Department of Agriculture, 1928, 2-7.
[2] Smith J E, Abbott J. The natural history of the rarer Lepidopterous insects of Georgia, including their systematic characters, the particulars of their several metamorphoses, and the plants on which they feed, collected from the observations of Mr. John Abbot, many years resident in that country (Volume 2)[M]. London:Missouri Botanical Garden Press, 1797, 191-192.
[3] Burtet L M, Bernardi O, Melo A A, et al. Managing fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera:Noctuidae), with Bt maize and insecticides in southern Brazil[J]. Pest Management Science, 2017, 73(12):2569-2577.
[4] Okuma D M, Bernardi D, Horikoshi R J, et al. Inheritance and fitness costs of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera:Noctuidae) resistance to spinosad in Brazil[J]. Pest Management Science, 2018, 74(6):1441.
[5] 汪浩, 赖多, 徐汉虹. 印楝素、虱螨脲和溴氰菊酯处理草地贪夜蛾前后对胚胎发育的显微分析[J]. 世界农药, 2014, 36(3):33-36, 45.
[6] 李永平, 张帅, 王晓军, 等. 草地贪夜蛾抗药性现状及化学防治策略[J]. 植物保护, 2019, 45(4):14-19.
[7] 唐继洪, 吕宝乾, 卢辉, 等. 海南草地贪夜蛾寄生蜂调查与基础生物学观察[J]. 热带作物学报, 2020, 41(6):1189-1195.
[8] Baitha A, Jalali S K, Rabindra R J, et al. Parasitising efficiency of the pupal parasitoid,Tetrastichus howardi (Olliff) (Hymenoptera:Eulophidae) on Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) at different exposure periods[J]. Journal of Biological Control, 2004, 18:65-68.
[9] Prasad K S, Aruna A S, Kumar V, et al. Feasibility of mass production of Tetrastichus howardii (Olliff.), a parasitoid of leaf roller (Diaphania pulverulentalis), on Musca domestica (L.)[J]. Indian Journal of Sericulture, 2007, 46(1):89-91.
[10] La Salle J, Polaszek A. Afrotropical species of the Tetrastichus howardi species group (Hymenoptera:Eulophidae)[J]. African Entomology, 2007, 15(1):45-56.
[11] 郭同斌, 颜学武. 黑棒啮小蜂种团(膜翅目姬小蜂科)寄生蜂研究进展[J]. 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版), 2012, 35(6):127-133.
[12] Baitha A, Jalali S K, Rabindra R J, et al. Host preference of the pupal parasitoid, Tetrastichus howardi Olliff (Hymenoptera:Eulophidae)[J]. Journal of Entomological Research, 2003, 27(4):293-296.
[13] Bennett F D. Tests with parasites of Asian graminaceous moth borers on Diatraea and allied genera in Trinidad[J]. Common Wealth Institute of Biological Control Technical Bulletin, 1965, 5:101-116.
[14] Kfir R, Gouws J, Moore S D. Biology of Tetrastichus howardi (Olliff) (Hymenoptera:Eulophidae):A facultative hyperparasitoid of stem borers[J]. Biocontrol Science and Technology, 1993, 3:149-159.
[15] Silva Torres C S A, Pontes I V A F, Torres J B, et al. New records of natural enemies of Plutella xylostella (L) (Lepidoptera:Plutellidae) in Pernambuco, Brazil[J]. Neotropical Entomology, 2010, 39(5):835-838.
[16] Duong C A, Diep D N, Hung H Q. Survey of sugarcane moth borers in southeast Vietnan[J]. International Sugar Journal, 2011, 113(1354):732-737.
[17] 廖永林, 李怡峰, 张振飞, 等. 台湾稻螟蛹寄生蜂——霍氏啮小蜂[J]. 环境昆虫学报, 2014, 36(3):408-411.
[18] 钟林海, 廖永林, 张扬, 等. Ovarian development and oogenesis in Tetrastichus howardi (Olliff) (Hymenoptera:Eulophidae)[J]. 环境昆虫学报, 2016, 38(1):154-158.
[19] 郑溢华, 王鑫, 廖永林, 等. 霍氏啮小蜂外生殖器及其感器的超微结构[J]. 环境昆虫学报, 2016, 38(5):1011-1017.
[20] 吕宝乾, 彭正强, 许春霭, 等. 椰心叶甲蛹寄生蜂——椰心叶甲啮小蜂的生物学特性[J]. 昆虫学报, 2006(4):643-649.
[21] 吕宝乾, 彭正强, 唐超, 等. 椰心叶甲寄生蜂——椰甲截脉姬小蜂的生物学特性[J]. 昆虫学报, 2005(6):943-948.
[22] 吴琦琦, 吕宝乾, 曹凤勤, 等. 椰子织蛾幼虫寄生蜂——麦蛾柔茧蜂的生物学特性初步研究[J]. 环境昆虫学报, 2018, 40(6):1364-1369.
[23] 吴琦琦, 吕宝乾, 曹凤勤, 等. 椰子织蛾蛹寄生蜂——金刚钻大腿小蜂的生物学特性[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2020, 36(4):534-538.
[24] 丁岩钦. 昆虫数学生态学[M]. 北京:科学出版社, 1994.
[25] 柳光宇, 黄诚, 何舒宁, 等. 新疆艾比湖卤虫休眠卵发育的温度因子分析[J]. 湖泊科学, 2001(4):351-355.
[26] Thompson S N. Nutrition and culture of entomophagous insects[J]. Annual Review of Entomology, 1999, 44(1):561.
[27] Jeffrey A, Harvey A B, Tijl A, et al. Honey and honey-based sugars partially affect reproductive trade-offs in parasitoids exhibiting different life-history and reproductive strategies[J]. Journal of Insect Physiology, 2017, 98:134.
[28] Seal D R, Stansly P A, Schuster D J. Influence of temperature and host on life history parameters of Catolaccus hunteri (Hymenoptera:Pteromalidae)[J]. Environmental Entomology, 2002, 31:354-360.
[29] Zoebelein G. Der honigtau als nahrung der insekten[J]. Zeitschrift fur angew and te Entonologie, 1956, 38:369-416.
[30] Yumi T, Hitomi O, Takuma S, et al. Effects of heat shock and ambient temperature on female soldier production in a polyembryonic parasitic wasp[J]. Physiological Entomology, 2019, 44(2):133-139.
[31] Samietz J, Kroder S, Schneider D, et al. Ambient temperature affects mechanosensory host location in a parasitic wasp[J]. Journal of Comparative Physiology a-Neuroethology Sensory Neural & Behavioral Physiology, 2006, 192(2):151-157.
[32] 邹立亚, 顾宇书, 陈军, 等. 白蛾周氏啮小蜂对几种昆虫蛹的寄生率以及林间释放效果[J]. 辽宁林业科技, 2006(5):32-33, 54.
[33] Felix J, Gonzalez A, Montes deoca F N, et al. Interaction of Lixophaga diatraeae (Towns) and Tetrastichus howardi (Olliff) for management of Diatraea saccharallis (Fab.) in Cuba[J]. Sugar Tech, 2005, 7(2-3):5-8.
[34] Arun-Baitha. Survival and adult emergence of Tetrastichus howardi (Olliff) (Eulophidae:Hymnetoptera) under field conditions[J]. Insect Environment, 2007, 13(3):108-110.