不同种植环境夏番茄上烟粉虱及其优势天敌的种群动态

doi:10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2022.03.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为明确不同种植环境番茄田中烟粉虱及其天敌的发生规律，于云南省元谋县番茄种植区选取露地和大棚番茄田，采用五点取样法进行系统调查，并使用时间生态位指数和灰色关联度指数分析烟粉虱及其优势天敌在时空上的跟随关系。结果表明：露地番茄田中烟粉虱若虫和成虫的种群密度均高于大棚番茄田。在整个调查期内大棚番茄田中雌性烟粉虱所占比均显著高于露地番茄田。露地和大棚番茄田中烟粉虱若虫在番茄植株中部叶片的种群密度均最高，烟粉虱成虫在植株上部叶片的种群密度均最高。两种番茄田中烟粉虱的优势天敌均包括烟盲蝽、六斑月瓢虫、丽蚜小蜂和海氏桨角蚜小蜂，其中露地番茄田中优势天敌还包括异色瓢虫，且露地番茄田优势天敌的种群密度均高于大棚番茄田。露地番茄田中天敌与烟粉虱的个体数量益害比均大于大棚番茄田。在露地和大棚番茄田中，六斑月瓢虫与烟粉虱的时间生态位重叠指数均最大，其值分别为0.96和0.99，六斑月瓢虫与烟粉虱的空间跟随关系最密切，其灰色关联度值分别为0.33和0.36。针对烟粉虱的聚集习性，在防治时可以重点防治烟粉虱聚集的植株中部和上部。露地番茄田中烟粉虱自然天敌资源丰富应加以保护，同时在大棚内烟粉虱发生早期释放优势天敌创建天敌种群，可压低大棚内烟粉虱的种群密度。

关键词: 烟粉虱, 自然天敌, 空间分布, 时间生态位, 益害比

Abstract: Population dynamics of Bemisia tabaci and its dominant natural enemies were investigated in open tomato fields and greenhouse tomato fields in Yuanmou county, Yunnan province, using five-point sampling method. Further, the temporal niche index and grey correlation index were used to analyze the temporal and spatial following relationship between B. tabaci and its dominant natural enemies. The results showed that the population densities of nymphs and adults of B. tabaci in the open fields were higher than those in the greenhouse tomato fields. The proportion of female B. tabaci in the greenhouse tomato fields was significantly higher than that in the open tomato fields during whole sampling period. The population densities of B. tabaci nymphs were the highest at the middle leaves of the plants in both the tomato fields, while those of B. tabaci adults were the highest at the upper leaves. Nesidiocoris tenuis, Menochilus sexmaculatus, Encarsia formosa and Eretmocerus hayati were the dominant natural enemies of B. tabaci in both the open and the greenhouse tomato fields. Harmonia axyridis was also dominant in the open tomato fields. The population density of dominant natural enemies in the open fields was higher than those in the greenhouse tomato fields. The ratio of natural enemies to B. tabaci in the open tomato fields was higher than that in the greenhouse fields. Menochilus sexmaculata and B. tabaci shared the greatest temporal niche overlap indexes in the open and greenhouse tomato fields, with values of 0.96 and 0.99, respectively. Menochilus sexmaculata and B. tabaci showed the closest following relationship, with the grey correlation index of 0.33 and 0.36, respectively, in the open and greenhouse tomato fields. In view of the aggregation habit of B. tabaci, the control can focus on the middle and upper parts of the plants where B. tabaci gather. The abundant natural enemy resources of B. tabaci in the open tomato fields should be protected. Meantime, in the early occurrence stage of B. tabaci in the greenhouse, the dominant natural enemies can be released to establish a natural enemy population, which can reduce the population density of B. tabaci in the greenhouse.

Key words: Bemisia tabaci, natural enemies, spatial distribution, temporal niche, ratios of natural enemies to pests

中图分类号:

S181

李明江, 羊绍武, 尚昊培, 周顺文, 刘纪欢, 李贵涛, 陈国华, 张晓明. 不同种植环境夏番茄上烟粉虱及其优势天敌的种群动态[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2023, 39(1): 18-28.

LI Mingjiang, YANG Shaowu, SHANG Haopei, ZHOU Shunwen, LIU Jihuan, LI Guitao, CHEN Guohua, ZHANG Xiaoming. Population Dynamics of Bemisia tabaci and Its Dominant Natural Enemies on Summer Tomato under Different Planting Environments[J]. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 2023, 39(1): 18-28.

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