柠条豆象的寄生性天敌及其优势种的生物学特性

doi:10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2025.09.020

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 柠条Caragana spp.抗逆性强，对控制沙化、稳定生态平衡具有重要的作用，是我国西北荒漠、半荒漠区植被恢复和生态重建的重要资源植物。柠条豆象Kytorhinus immixtus是为害柠条种子的主要害虫之一，寄生性天敌可以有效调控该类害虫的发生。本研究采用野外调查收集与室内人工饲养相结合的方法，开展了柠条豆象的寄生性天敌多样性调查研究，并对其优势种进行了生物学特性研究，以期为该类害虫的生物防控提供一定的理论依据。结果共获得柠条豆象寄生性天敌有3科6属7种，分别为黑胸茧蜂Bracon nigrorufum、豆象盾腹茧蜂Phanerotomella sp.、凹面灿姬小蜂Entedon sp.、长尾啮小蜂Aprostocetus sp.、古毒蛾金小蜂Pteromalus orgyiae、金小蜂Pteromalus sp.和迈金小蜂Mesopolobus sp.。凹面灿姬小蜂和长尾啮小蜂是优势种，均为容性内寄生，且为群集寄生，单个寄主最高出蜂量分别达13只和10只；雌雄成蜂的平均性比为1.62﹕ 1和1.60﹕ 1。这两种优势寄生蜂的出蜂量、体型、性比与其寄主的体型大小存在正相关性。适当补饲20%的蔗糖溶液能最大程度地延长优势寄生蜂成蜂的寿命。

关键词: 柠条豆象, 寄生性天敌, 生物学特性, 优势寄生蜂

Abstract: Caragana spp., possess strong stress resistance and play a vital role in controlling desertification and stabilizing ecological balance, they are important resource plants for vegetation restoration and ecological reconstruction in desert and semi-desert areas in Northwest China. Kytorhinus immixtus is one of the main pests that damage Caragana seeds, for which parasitic natural enemies can afford effectively regulation. In this study, we investigated the diversity of parasitic natural enemies of K. immixtus by combining field survey and laboratory artificial rearing, and investigated the biological characteristics of the dominant natural enemy species, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the biological control of this pest. The results showed that there were a total of 7 species, belonging to 6 genera and 3 families, of parasitical natural enemies of K. immixtus, including Bracon nigrorufum, Phanerotomella sp., Entedon sp., Aprostocetus sp., Pteromalus orgyiae, Pteromalus sp., and Mesopolobus sp. Entedon sp. and Aprostocetus sp. were the dominant species, both of which were koinobiont endoparasitoid and gregarious parasitoid. The maximum number of adult wasps emerging from a single host was 13 and 10, respectively, and the average sex ratios (female:male) of the two species were 1.62:1 and 1.60:1, respectively. There was a positive correlation between the number of emerging wasps, body size and sex ratio of the two dominant wasps and the body size of their hosts. Appropriately supplementing with a 20% sucrose solution could maximize the lifespan of the adults of the dominant parasitoids.

Key words: Kytorhinus immixtus, parasitic natural enemies, biological characteristics, dominant parasitoids

中图分类号:

S476.3

丁荣荣, 张大治, 贺泽帅, 陈良越, 赵富强, 余晓倩. 柠条豆象的寄生性天敌及其优势种的生物学特性[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2026, 42(1): 114-126.

DING Rongrong, ZHANG Dazhi, HE Zeshuai, CHEN Liangyue, ZHAO Fuqiang, YU Xiaoqian. Biological Characteristics of Dominant Parasitic Natural Enemies of Kytorhinus immixtus on Caragana spp.[J]. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 2026, 42(1): 114-126.

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