防治根结线虫的土壤熏蒸剂筛选及其对微生物多样性的影响

doi:10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2026.02.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了筛选一种对根结线虫病害防治效果理想且生态安全的土壤熏蒸剂，本研究以黄瓜为供试作物，比较分析了不同用量（纯氮300、600和900 kg/hm²）的氮素（氨水和碳酸氢铵）对土壤根结线虫的防治效果、作物产量以及土壤微生物生态变化的影响。试验结果表明，氮素对根结线虫具有良好的防控效果，且防控效果和氮素的用量成正比，高用量氨水和碳酸氢铵对线虫防效分别为76%和73%，略低于威百亩处理的85%；但低用量氮素处理黄瓜产量显著高于对照和威百亩处理，中高用量显著降低黄瓜产量；传统平板计数法和高通量测序结果综合评价表明，低剂量氮素处理不会破坏土壤细菌生物量和种群多样性，但会降低真菌生物量及佐普菲菌属Zopfiella真菌的相对丰度。中高用量氮素处理会显著降低鞘氨醇单胞菌属Sphingomonas和α-变形菌Alphaproteobacteria细菌类群的丰度，同时显著增加了亚硝化球菌属Nitrosococcus、溶杆菌属Lysobacter、特鲁珀氏菌属Truepera和芽孢杆菌属Bacillus细菌的相对丰度，同时降低了佐普菲菌属Zopfiella和节丛孢属Arthrobotrys真菌的丰度，但增加了盘多毛孢属Plectosphaerella真菌的丰度。综上，低剂量氮素熏蒸能有效防治土壤根结线虫病害、提高作物产量并保持土壤生态平衡，具有潜在的市场推广价值。

关键词: 氨水, 碳酸氢铵, 土壤消毒, 根结线虫

Abstract: In order to screen an ideal and ecologically safe soil fumigant for controlling root-knot nematode disease, this study used cucumber as the test crop to compare and analyze the effects of different application dose (pure nitrogen 300, 600, and 900 kg/hm²) of nitrogen sources (ammonia water and ammonium bicarbonate) on the control efficacy against soil root-knot nematodes, crop yield, and soil microbial ecological changes. The results showed that nitrogen sources exhibited good control efficacy against root-knot nematodes, with the control effect positively correlated with the nitrogen application doses. The nematode control efficacy for high-dose ammonia water and ammonium bicarbonate treatments were 76% and 73%, respectively, slightly lower than the 85% observed in the metham sodium treatments. However, cucumber yield under the low nitrogen doses treatment was significantly higher than that in the control and metham sodium treatments, while medium and high nitrogen doses significantly reduced cucumber yield. Comprehensive evaluation using traditional plate counting and high-throughput sequencing revealed that the low nitrogen dose treatments did not disrupt soil bacterial biomass and population diversity but reduced fungal biomass and the relative abundance of the fungal genus Zopfiella. Medium and high nitrogen dose treatments significantly decreased the abundance of bacterial groups such as the genus Sphingomonas and the class Alphaproteobacteria, while significantly increasing the relative abundance of bacterial genera including Nitrosococcus, Lysobacter, Truepera, and Bacillus. These treatments also reduced the abundance of fungal genera Zopfiella and Arthrobotrys, but increased the abundance of the fungal genus Plectosphaerella. In conclusion, low-dose nitrogen fumigation can effectively control soil root-knot nematode disease, improve crop yield, and maintain soil ecological balance, demonstrating potential market application value.

Key words: ammonia water, ammonium bicarbonate, soil disinfection, root-knot nematode

中图分类号:

S476

王凡梅, 李顺江, 林凯, 张殿朋, 左强, 韩雪梅, 刘建斌, 梁子安. 防治根结线虫的土壤熏蒸剂筛选及其对微生物多样性的影响[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2026, 42(1): 238-252.

WANG Fanmei, LI Shunjiang, LIN Kai, ZHANG Dianpeng, ZUO Qiang, HAN Xuemei, LIU Jianbin, LIANG Zian. Screening of Soil Fumigants for Controlling Root Knot Nematode and Their Effects on Microbial Diversity[J]. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 2026, 42(1): 238-252.

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