氨水与辣根素熏蒸对温室土壤根结线虫防治效果及微生物群落的影响

doi:10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2025.02.065

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了优选一种对根结线虫病害防控效果优异且环境友好的土壤熏蒸剂，本研究以快菜为研究对象，系统评估了氨水（ammonia water，AW）和辣根素（allyl isothiocyanate，AITC）对土壤根结线虫的防治效果和微生物群落结构的影响。结果表明，AW和AITC对根结线虫种群防效分别达81.38%和72.12%，对快菜分别增产15.53%和8.97%，且AW显著提高快菜的株高、根长、叶长及鲜重，而AITC显著增加叶宽。土壤酶活性分析显示，AW抑制脲酶和N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶活性，AITC降低硝酸还原酶活性。微生物群落分析表明，AW和AITC处理均可以降低Marmoricola （63.13%和79.07%）和Terrimonas （71.59%和80.11%）这2个属的细菌丰度，以及Penicillium，Cercophora和Blastobotrys等3个真菌属的丰度。另外，AITC处理显著降低了近芽孢杆菌属Peribacillus的相对丰度，但增加了Caldicoprobacter菌的相对丰度。综上，AW和AITC在防治根结线虫和土壤生态调控方面各具优势，为绿色熏蒸剂的选择提供了理论依据。

关键词: 根结线虫, 氨水熏蒸, 辣根素熏蒸, 土壤酶活, 微生物群落

Abstract: To identify an environmentally friendly soil fumigant with superior efficacy against root-knot nematodes, this study systematically evaluated the effects of ammonia water (AW) and allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) on nematode control, soil microbial community structure, and crop yield using Brassica rapa var. glabra Regel as a model crop. Control efficacy of AW and AITC on root-knot nematode was 81.38% and 72.12%, respectively, while increasing Brassica rapa var. glabra Regel yield by 15.53% and 8.97%. AW significantly enhanced plant height, root length, leaf length, and fresh weight, whereas AITC notably increased leaf width. Soil enzyme activity analysis indicated that AW inhibited urease and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase activities, while AITC reduced nitrate reductase activity. Microbial community analysis revealed that both AW and AITC treatments suppressed the abundance of bacterial genera Marmoricola (63.13% and 79.07%) and Terrimonas(71.59% and 80.11%), as well as the fungal genera Penicillium, Cercophora, and Blastobotrys. Additionally, the AITC treatment significantly reduced the relative abundance of the genus Peribacillus while increasing that of Caldicoprobacter. In summary, both AW and AITC possess distinct advantages in controlling root-knot nematodes and regulating soil ecology, providing a theoretical basis for the selection of green fumigants.

Key words: root-knot nematodes, ammonia water fumigation, allyl isothiocyanate fumigation, soil enzyme activity, microbial community

中图分类号:

S476

付加伟, 李鹏媛, 尹富豪, 丁建莉, 张淑彬, 朱英波, 刘建斌. 氨水与辣根素熏蒸对温室土壤根结线虫防治效果及微生物群落的影响[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2025, 41(5): 1154-1165.

FU Jiawei, LI Pengyuan, YIN Fuhao, DING Jianli, ZHANG Shubin, ZHU Yingbo, LIU Jianbin. Effects of Ammonia Water and Allyl Isothiocyanate Fumigation on Root-Knot Nematode and Microbial Community Response in Greenhouse Soil[J]. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 2025, 41(5): 1154-1165.

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