水稻田埂捕食性天敌多样性与种群动态

doi:10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2023.11.021

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 农田生态系统中天敌群落具有重要的生态控害功能。受作物种植技术与栽培管理措施影响，稻田自然生草的田埂成为天敌的理想避护所。本研究连续2年在中稻整个生长期，应用陷阱法（Pitfall trap）对水稻田埂的捕食性天敌群落与动态进行了系统监测，明确了水稻田埂捕食性天敌的种群和多样性格局，并分析了步甲、蜘蛛和泽蛙在中稻不同时期的变化。结果表明：两年共捕获步甲类13属23种1100头，蜘蛛类9科1928头，泽蛙Rana limnocharis 1485头。步甲、蜘蛛和泽蛙在年度间中稻的不同生长发育阶段，种群数量动态表现出差异化波动。水稻不同生育期Pitfall陷阱捕获步甲的个体数、多样性指数、均匀度指数和优势度指数在年际间变化显著；蜘蛛则表现在水稻不同生育期其被捕获种群数量有显著差异； 2019年水稻分蘖期泽蛙个体数显著高于抽穗成熟期，而2020年拔节孕穗期泽蛙个体数显著高于分蘖期。综上表明，水稻田埂系统具有支持捕食性天敌多样性及其潜在生态控害作用的功能。因此，建议在高标准农田整治过程中，适当保留一定数量的生草田埂与沟渠，以实现天敌保育。

关键词: 水稻, 田埂, 捕食性天敌, 多样性, 种群动态

Abstract: Natural enemy communities in farmland ecosystems have important ecological pest control functions. Due to the influence of crop planting technology and cultivation management measures, the ridge of paddy field with natural grasses has become an ideal shelter for natural enemies. In this study, the Pitfall trap method was used to systematically monitor the community and dynamics of predatory natural enemies in middle rice fields for two consecutive years. The research aimed to comprehensively define the population and diversity patterns of predatory natural enemies in paddy fields. Additionally, the study analyzed the temporal changes of carabid beetles, spiders and R. limnocharis during different periods of middle rice growing season. The results showed that in 2019 and 2020, a total of 1100 carabid beetles belonging to 23 species in 13 genera, 1928 spiders belonging to 9 families, and 1485 frogs of Rana limnocharis were captured. The population dynamics of carabid beetle, spider and rice frog fluctuated during different growth and development stages of the middle rice. The number of individuals, diversity index, uniformity index, and dominance index of Pitfall trap capture in rice at different growth stages varied significantly between years. Spiders showed significant differences in captured populations at different stages of rice growth. In 2019, the number of rice frogs captured in the tillering stage of rice was significantly higher than that in the heading to mature grain stage, and the number of rice frog individuals captured in the stem elongation to booting stage in 2020 was significantly higher than that in the tillering stage. In conclusion, the paddy field ridge system has the function of supporting the diversity of predatory natural enemies and its potential ecological control effect. Therefore, it is recommended that a certain number of grassy ridges and ditches should be appropriately retained in the process of high-standard farmland remediation to achieve the conservation of natural enemies.

Key words: rice, field ridges, predatory natural enemies, diversity, population dynamics

中图分类号:

S476

郑德松, 朱玉麟, 种海南, 赖乾, 王敏洁, 肖海军. 水稻田埂捕食性天敌多样性与种群动态[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2024, 40(5): 1000-1008.

ZHENG Desong, ZHU Yulin, CHONG Hainan, LAI Qian, WANG Minjie, XIAO Haijun. Diversity and Population Dynamics of Predatory Natural Enemies in Paddy Field Ridges[J]. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 2024, 40(5): 1000-1008.

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