昆虫气味受体结构解析、机制探究与应用进展

doi:10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2026.05.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 昆虫气味受体（odorant receptors,ORs）是外周嗅觉系统识别挥发性化学信号的核心分子，在寄主定位、配偶识别、产卵选择及生态适应中发挥重要作用。早期研究通过基因鉴定、表达分析、电生理和突变实验，建立了OR与气味共受体（odorant receptor co-receptor,Orco）共同构成功能性离子通道复合体的经典模型。近年来，随着冷冻电镜和蛋白结构预测技术的发展，Orco同源四聚体、OR同源四聚体及OR-Orco异源四聚体结构相继被解析，显著推动了研究人员对其组装模式、配体识别和门控机制的认识。本文系统综述了昆虫ORs的发现历程、经典功能模型、结构解析过程、激活机制探究及其在进化生态学、虚拟筛选和生物传感器研究中的应用，并对未来的跨学科应用前景进行了展望。

关键词: 昆虫, 气味受体, 三维结构, 配体识别机制, 跨学科应用

Abstract: Insect odorant receptors (ORs) are core molecular determinants of volatile chemical signal detection in the peripheral olfactory system, playing pivotal roles in host localization, mate recognition, oviposition-site selection, and ecological adaptation. Early studies, through gene identification, expression profiling, electrophysiological characterization, and mutagenesis analyses, established the classical model in which ORs and the odorant receptor co-receptor (Orco) together form a functional ion channel complex. In recent years, advances in cryo-electron microscopy and protein structure prediction have enabled the successive resolution of Orco homotetrameric, OR homotetrameric, and OR-Orco heterotetrameric structures, substantially deepening our understanding of their assembly modes, ligand recognition, and gating mechanisms. This review systematically summarizes the discovery of insect ORs, the classical functional model, the process of structural elucidation, investigations into activation mechanisms, and their applications in evolutionary ecology, virtual screening, and biosensor development, while also highlighting future prospects for interdisciplinary applications.

Key words: insect, odorant receptor, three-dimensional structure, ligand recognition mechanism, interdisciplinary applications

中图分类号:

S476

张语桐, 杨宇杰, 王晓晴, 王桂荣, 刘杨. 昆虫气味受体结构解析、机制探究与应用进展[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2026, 42(2): 305-316.

ZHANG Yutong, YANG Yujie, WANG Xiaoqing, WANG Guirong, LIU Yang. Advances in the Structural Elucidation, Mechanistic Understanding, and Applications of Insect Odorant Receptors[J]. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 2026, 42(2): 305-316.

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