普城沙雷氏菌KRS006对棉花黄萎病的防效研究

doi:10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2026.02.042

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 棉花黄萎病是由大丽轮枝菌Verticillium dahliae引起的一种土传性维管束病害。本研究自健康棉花根际土壤中分离出一株对大丽轮枝菌具有显著拮抗活性的细菌KRS006。为明确其分类地位及生防潜力，本研究经形态学、生理生化特征及16S rRNA与gyrB基因序列分析，将其鉴定为普城沙雷氏菌Serratia plymuthica。该菌株对7种植物病原真菌表现出广谱抑菌活性，并具备解磷、解钾、固氮、产铁载体以及分泌蛋白酶、脂肪酶和几丁质酶的能力。室内防效试验表明，菌株KRS006对棉花黄萎病的防治效果达92.3%，且对棉花植株生长具有显著促进作用。通过扫描和透射电镜观察发现，菌株KRS006可致使大丽轮枝菌菌丝细胞膜结构破损。GC-MS检测菌株KRS006产生的挥发性物质有二甲基二硫醚、1-氯戊烷和二甲基三硫醚，且均对大丽轮枝菌菌丝生长有抑制作用。综上，普城沙雷氏菌KRS006对棉花黄萎病防治效果显著，可作为该病害生物防治的潜在微生物资源。

关键词: 棉花黄萎病, 大丽轮枝菌, 普城沙雷氏菌, 生物防治, 促生作用

Abstract: Cotton Verticillium wilt is a soil-borne vascular disease caused by the fungus Verticillium dahliae. In this study, a bacterial strain designated KRS006, exhibiting significant antagonistic activity against this pathogen, was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of healthy cotton plants. To determine its taxonomic status and assess its potential for biological control, the strain was identified as Serratia plymuthica through polyphasic characterization, including morphological traits, physiological and biochemical assays, as well as 16S rRNA and gyrB gene sequence analyses. The strain demonstrated broad-spectrum antifungal activity against seven plant pathogenic fungi. Moreover, it possessed multiple plant-growth-promoting traits, such as phosphate and potassium solubilization, nitrogen fixation, siderophore production, and the ability to secrete protease, lipase, and chitinase. In greenhouse experiments, KRS006 achieved a control efficacy of 92.3% against cotton Verticillium wilt and significantly promoted cotton plant growth. To gain insights into the antagonistic mechanism, scanning and transmission electron microscopy were employed to observe the ultrastructural interactions between KRS006 and V. dahliae. The microscopic analyses clearly revealed that strain KRS006 caused severe disruption and disintegration of the hyphal cell membrane structure of the pathogen, suggesting a direct detrimental effect on cellular integrity. Furthermore, the volatile organic compounds(VOCs) produced by strain KRS006 were identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry(GC-MS) as dimethyl disulfide, 1-chloropentane, and dimethyl trisulfide. In vitro bioassays confirmed that all three purified volatile compounds exerted a pronounced inhibitory effect on mycelial growth of V. dahliae, with dimethyl trisulfide showing the strongest activity, indicating that these volatiles contribute substantially to the antifungal action. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that S. plymuthica KRS006 possesses potent biocontrol efficacy against cotton Verticillium wilt through multiple mechanisms, including direct mycoparasitism via lytic enzymes, membrane disruption, and volatile-mediated inhibition, in addition to its plant-growth-promoting properties. Therefore, strain KRS006 represents a promising microbial resource for the sustainable and environmentally friendly management of cotton Verticillium wilt in agricultural systems.

Key words: cotton Verticillium wilt, Verticillium dahliae, Serratia plymuthica, biological control, growth promoting effect

中图分类号:

S432

刘鑫鑫, 唐梦瑜, 张丹丹, 陈捷胤, 姜明, 王丹. 普城沙雷氏菌KRS006对棉花黄萎病的防效研究[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2026, 42(4): 945-957.

LIU Xinxin, TANG Mengyu, ZHANG Dandan, CHEN Jieyin, JIANG Ming, WANG Dan. Control Efficacy of Serratia plymuthica KRS006 on Cotton Verticillium Wilt[J]. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 2026, 42(4): 945-957.

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