防治生菜菌核病高效粉红螺旋聚孢霉菌株筛选及效果评价

doi:10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2026.02.026

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本研究以50株分离自西藏不同地区土壤的粉红螺旋聚孢霉Clonostachys rosea为材料，通过测定其对核盘菌Sclerotinia sclerotiorum菌核的寄生能力，结合菌株生长和产孢性状及对3种蔬菜离体叶片菌核病的防治效果，筛选出1株高效菌株XRBL-1-1。该菌株对核盘菌菌核寄生等级达到4级，施用后生菜、白菜和油麦菜叶片上病斑面积分别减少50.7%、64.1%和63.0%。生菜菌核病温室试验表明，喷施1×10⁷孢子/mL的XRBL-1-1菌株发酵液，防病效果达到67.43%，当与50%减量化学药剂菌核净联用时，防效为82.31%，与常规用量处理无显著差异。喷施生防菌后，生菜叶面积、叶绿素含量和生物量分别提高65.9%、175.0%和57.2%。此外，粉红螺旋聚孢霉还可以诱导植物抗性，叶片中过氧化氢酶（CAT）、过氧化物酶（POD）和超氧化物岐化酶（SOD）活性显著提高，而过氧化产物丙二醛含量显著下降（P<0.05）。本研究为作物菌核病的绿色防控提供了理论依据，同时为高效粉红螺旋聚孢霉生防产品的开发利用奠定了基础。

关键词: 粉红螺旋聚孢霉, 菌寄生作用, 核盘菌, 蔬菜菌核病, 促生作用

Abstract: In this study, fifty Clonostachys rosea strains derived from soils in different regions of Xizang were selected to screening efficient biocontrol strains. Their mycoparasitic abilities to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum sclerotia and control efficacies against Sclerotinia diseases on detached leaves of three kinds of vegetables were conducted, by which a highly-efficient C. rosea strain XRBL-1-1 was obtained. The parasitism level of XRBL-1-1 strain on sclerotia reached grade 4, and lesion areas on lettuce, Chinese cabbage, and oilseed lettuce leaves reduced to 50.7%, 64.1%, and 63.0%, respectively. In greenhouse, the control efficacy of 67.43% to Sclerotinia rot was achieved when the lettuce seedlings were sprayed with XRBL-1-1 fermentation broth at a concentration of 1×10⁷ spores/mL. When combined with a half-dose of the chemical fungicide Dimetachlone, the control efficacy was 82.31%, which was not significantly different compared with the chemical pesticide used alone. After application of the biocontrol fungus, the leaf area, chlorophyll content and biomass of lettuce increased by 65.9%, 175.0%, and 57.2%, respectively. Furthermore, C. rosea was able to induce plant resistance as well; the activities of catalase(CAT), peroxidase(POD), and superoxide dismutase(SOD) significantly increased, while malondialdehyde(MDA) content remarkably decreased in lettuce leaves(P<0.05). This research provides a theoretical basis for the green control of crop Sclerotinia diseases and lays a foundation for the development and application of highly-efficient C. rosea biocontrol products.

Key words: Clonostachys rosea, mycoparasitism, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Sclerotinia rot of vegetables, Growth-promoting effect

中图分类号:

S476

杨清云, 程婼, 杨玉凤, 白玛卓嘎, 张爽, 卢晓红, 郭荣君, 黄英秋, 孙漫红, 陶刚. 防治生菜菌核病高效粉红螺旋聚孢霉菌株筛选及效果评价[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2026, 42(4): 911-921.

YANG Qingyun, CHENG Ruo, YANG Yufeng, BAIMA Zhuoga, ZHANG Shuang, LU Xiaohong, GUO Rongjun, HUANG Yingqiu, SUN Manhong, TAO Gang. Screening of Clonostachys rosea Strains and Their Control Effect on Sclerotinia Rot of Lettuce[J]. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 2026, 42(4): 911-921.

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