球毛壳菌CEF-082对茄子黄萎病的生防效果研究

doi:10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2026.02.052

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 茄子黄萎病是由大丽轮枝菌Verticillium dahliae引起的严重土传病害，亟需安全高效的绿色防控技术。本研究旨在评估从棉花中分离的内生真菌球毛壳菌Chaetomium globosum CEF-082对茄子黄萎病的生防潜力，并初步探究其对土壤微生态的影响。采用对峙培养、含药培养基和孢子萌发试验测定了CEF-082对病原菌的离体拮抗活性；通过盆栽和大田试验，以孢子液和发酵液灌根处理，评估其对茄子黄萎病的防治效果，并测定土壤理化性质、酶活性及微生物群落结构。结果表明，CEF-082能显著抑制大丽轮枝菌的菌丝生长和孢子萌发，对峙培养9 d后对菌丝生长抑制率为75.49%，10%发酵液对孢子萌发抑制率达70.63%。盆栽试验中，CEF-082孢子悬浮液处理对茄子黄萎病防效为46.95%；大田试验中，CEF-082孢子悬浮液处理后40 d，对茄子黄萎病防效达53.46%，与化学药剂多菌灵效果相当。土壤微生态分析显示，CEF-082施用后显著提高了土壤pH和有机质含量，增强了土壤蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶和脲酶活性，并提升了细菌和真菌群落的物种丰富度与多样性，同时降低了镰刀菌属Fusarium等潜在病原菌的丰度。综上，球毛壳菌CEF-082兼具良好的直接抑菌作用和改善土壤健康的能力，可作为茄子黄萎病绿色防控的潜力生防资源。

关键词: 茄子黄萎病, 球毛壳菌, 生物防治, 大丽轮枝菌, 土壤微生态

Abstract: Eggplant Verticillium wilt, caused by the soil-borne fungus Verticillium dahliae, is a devastating vascular disease that severely reduces yield and quality, necessitating the development of safe and efficient green control strategies. This study aimed to evaluate the biocontrol potential of Chaetomium globosumCEF-082, an endophytic fungus originally isolated from cotton, against eggplant Verticillium wilt and to preliminarily explore its effects on soil microecology. The in vitro antagonistic activity of CEF-082 against the pathogen was determined using confrontation culture, fungicide-containing medium, and spore germination assays. The control efficacy was assessed through pot and field experiments with root drenching applications of spore suspension and fermentation broth. Additionally, soil physicochemical properties, enzyme activities, and microbial community structure were analyzed. The results showed that CEF-082 significantly inhibited the mycelial growth and spore germination of V. dahliae. After 9 days of confrontation culture, the pathogen growth rate was reduced by 75.49% compared with the control, and the 10% fermentation broth achieved a spore germination inhibition rate of 70.63%. In pot experiments, the spore suspension treatment exhibited a control efficacy of 46.95%, while in field trials, the efficacy reached 53.46% at 40 d after treatment, which was comparable to that of the chemical fungicide carbendazim. Soil microecological analysis revealed that CEF-082 application significantly increased soil organic matter and available nutrient contents, enhanced the activities of sucrase, catalase, and urease, and improved the species richness and diversity of both bacterial and fungal communities, while simultaneously reducing the abundance of potential soilborne pathogens such as Fusarium spp. In conclusion, Chaetomium globosum CEF-082 possesses both direct antifungal activity and the capacity to improve soil health, making it a promising biocontrol resource for the green management of eggplant Verticillium wilt.

Key words: eggplant Verticillium wilt, Chaetomium globosum, biological control, Verticillium dahliae, soil microecology

中图分类号:

S476

李文燕, 魏锋, 张亚林, 赵丽红, 周京龙, 韩江萍, 宋勇, 冯鸿杰, 冯自力, 朱荷琴. 球毛壳菌CEF-082对茄子黄萎病的生防效果研究[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2026, 42(5): 1157-1169.

LI Wenyan, WEI Feng, ZHANG Yalin, ZHAO Lihong, ZHOU Jinglong, HAN Jiangping, SONG Yong, FENG Hongjie, FENG Zili, ZHU Heqin. Effect of Chaetomium globosumCEF-082 on Eggplant Verticillium Wilt[J]. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 2026, 42(5): 1157-1169.

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