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中国生物防治学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (3): 753-759.DOI: 10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2022.05.004

• 研究简报 • 上一篇    

黄秋葵田主要害虫、天敌种群动态及时间生态位分析

丛胜波1, 许冬1, 杨妮娜1, 王玲1, 王金涛1, 刘卫国2, 杨甜甜1, 万鹏1   

  1. 1. 农业农村部华中作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室/农作物重大病虫草害防控湖北省重点实验室/湖北省农业科学院植保土肥研究所, 武汉 430064;
    2. 湖北省植保总站, 武汉 430070
  • 收稿日期:2021-03-05 发布日期:2022-06-20
  • 通讯作者: 万鹏,博士,研究员,E-mail:wanpenghb@163.com。
  • 作者简介:丛胜波,硕士,助理研究员,E-mail:congshengbo@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    转基因生物新品种培育重大专项(2016ZX08011002-002);湖北省农业科技创新中心项目(2016-620-003-001-016)

Population Dynamics and Temporal Niches of Major Pests and Their Natural Enemies in Okra Fields

CONG Shengbo1, XU Dong1, YANG Nina1, WANG Ling1, WANG Jintao1, LIU Weiguo2, YANG Tiantian1, WAN Peng1   

  1. 1. Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Huazhong Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Hubei Key Laboratory of Crop Disease Insect Pests and Weed Control, Wuhan 430064, China;
    2. General Station of Plant Protection Station of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
  • Received:2021-03-05 Published:2022-06-20

摘要: 为了解黄秋葵田害虫和天敌的种类及种群动态变化情况,分析主要害虫和天敌间的生态调控机制,为黄秋葵田害虫的生物防控提供科学依据。通过目测法和5点取样法调查记录黄秋葵田害虫、天敌种类和数量,并对害虫和天敌间的生态位进行分析。结果表明,黄秋葵田内共发现6目13科21种昆虫,害虫优势种分别为棉蚜和棉大卷叶螟,两者在田间均呈聚集分布。天敌优势种分别为龟纹瓢虫、异色瓢虫、三突花蛛、草间小黑蛛、卷叶螟绒茧蜂、卷叶螟姬小蜂。其中蚜虫生态位宽度值最小,田间发生时间比较集中,主要在6月。棉大卷叶螟生态位宽度值最大,田间发生时间比较长,主要在7—9月。蚜虫与瓢虫的时间生态位重叠值为0.8593,瓢虫对蚜虫有明显的跟随效应,是蚜虫的优势性天敌。棉大卷叶螟与蜘蛛、卷叶螟绒茧蜂、卷叶螟姬小蜂的时间生态位重叠值分别为0.7220、0.7175、0.6797,这三类天敌对棉大卷叶螟有明显的跟随效应,对其种群具有协同控制效果,是控制棉大卷叶螟的三种优势天敌。以上结果表明,天敌对害虫在时间生态位上有一定的同步性,在田间管理时应加强对这些天敌的保护和利用,以增强天敌的自然控害功能。

关键词: 黄秋葵, 害虫, 天敌, 种群动态, 生态位

Abstract: In this study, the species and population dynamics of pests and natural enemies in okra fields and the ecological relationship between the main pests and natural enemies were investigated to provide scientific basis for biological control of pests in okra fields. The species and quantities of pests and natural enemies in okra fields were recorded by visual observation and five-point sampling method, and the niche of the main pests and natural enemies was analyzed. The results showed that 21 insect species belonging to 13 families and 6 orders were found in okra fields. The dominant pest species were Aphis gossypii Glover and Sylepta derogata, both presenting aggregate distribution in the fields. The dominant natural enemy species were Propylea japonica,Harmonia axyridis Pallas, Ebrechtella tricuspidata, Hylyphantes graminicola, Apanteles derogatae and Sympiesis sp.. Among them, aphids occupied the smallest niche breadth, occurring intensively in June in the fields. Sylepta derogata occupied the largest niche breadth and a long occurrence period in the fields from July to September. The temporal niche overlap between aphids and ladybirds was 0.8593. Ladybirds were the dominant natural enemies of aphids, displaying a close population coupling with aphids. The temporal niche overlaps between S. derogata and its dominant natural enemies spiders, A. derogatae and S. sp. were 0.7220, 0.7175 and 0.6797, respectively. The three natural enemies of S. derogate showed obvious following effect and synergistic control effect on S. derogate. These results indicate that the natural enemies populations in the okra fields synchronize with those of the pests in the temporal niche, and thus should be protected and utilized to enhance their roles of natural control of pests.

Key words: Abelmoschus esculentus, pests, natural enemies, population dynamics, ecological niche

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