新疆北部地区农林复合生境瓢虫群落多样性及其季节动态分析

doi:10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2021.03.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 新疆特有天敌资源丰富，具有重要的开发潜力和利用前景。本文于2019年5—9月采用扫网法，对北疆地区麦田、玉米田、苜蓿田、棉花田、农田防护林以及果园等6种典型生境的瓢虫群落多样性及其季节动态变化特征进行分析。结果表明，共获瓢虫标本5501号，隶属3个亚科6族13属23种，其中多异瓢虫Adonia variegata（28.52%）、方斑瓢虫Propylea quaturodecimpunctata（20.21%）以及深点食螨瓢虫Stethorus（Stethorus）punctillum（16.51%）三种为优势种群；不同生境瓢虫群落的个体数和类群数在季节动态分布上存在明显差异，其中苜蓿田个体数量分布最多（262号/样地/次）、种类也最为丰富（20种），棉花田个体数量（48号/样地/次）及物种数（4种）最为稀少；群落多样性分析表明，Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Margalef丰富度指数和Pielou均匀度指数依次为8月上半月>7月下半月>5月下半月>8月下半月>7月上半月>6月下半月>9月上半月>6月上半月。各生境中，防护林多样性指数（0.62）、丰富度指数（2.06）、均匀度指数（0.72）在整个生长期中维持着最高的水平，其次是苜蓿田生境的多样性水平较高（0.55、2.35、0.49），而棉花田生境多样性指数（0.21）、丰富度指数（0.46）和均匀度指数（0.57）平均水平最低，但优势度指数（0.70）最高；相似性分析表明，群落相似性系数在不同生境之间属于中等相似（0.5≤q≤0.75）。不同月份间相似性程度较高，28个不同月份组中，8月下半月与9月上半月间的瓢虫相似性系数最高（0.94），共同种有深点食螨瓢虫、多异瓢虫等15种，其他月份间属于中等相似或极相似。新疆北部地区瓢虫群落个体数和类群数较为丰富，不同月份间分布相对均匀，自然控制能力较强，尤其是防护林和苜蓿田生境，应加强保护与利用当地天敌资源，为促进绿色农业的可持续发展提供科学依据。

关键词: 新疆, 天敌瓢虫, 多样性分析, 生物防治, 季节动态

Abstract: The rich resources of natural enemies in Xinjiang have great potential for exploitation and utilization. In this paper, the diversity and seasonal dynamic changes of ladybug communities in six typical habitats in fields of wheat, corn, alfalfa and cotton, farmland shelterbelt, and orchard in northern Xinjiang were investigated by sweeping method from May to September 2019. A total of 5501 specimens were collected, which were identified to belong to 23 species, 12 genera, 6 families, 3 subfamilies. Adonia variegata (28.52%), Propylea quaturodecimpunctata (20.21%), and Stethorus punctillum (16.51%) were the dominant populations. The number of individuals and groups of ladybug communities differed between habitats, alfalfa fields harbored the highest population size (262 ladybugs/sample plot/time) and the most abundant species (20 species), while cotton fields had the lowest figures (48 ladybugs/sample plot/time and 4 species). Community diversity analysis showed that shannon-Wiener diversity index, Margalef richness index and Pielou evenness index ranked from high to low were the first half of August, the second half of July, the second half of May, the second half of August, the first half of July, the second half of June, the first half of September, and the first half of June. Among all the habitats, shelter forest showed the highest diversity index (0.62), richness index (2.06) and evenness index (0.72) in the whole growing season, followed by alfalfa fields (0.55, 2.35, 0.49), and cotton fields were of the lowest diversity index (0.21), richness index (0.46) and evenness index (0.57), but harbored the highest dominance index (0.70). The similarity analysis showed that the ladybug communities were basically medium similar between different habitats (0.5 ≤ q ≤ 0.75). Among the 28 different month groups, the highest similarity coefficient (0.94) was found between the second half of August and the first half of September, among which there were 15 common species including Stethorus punctillum, Hippodamia Variegata, and the other groups were basically medium similar or very similar. In northern Xinjiang, the number of individuals and groups of ladybug communities are relatively rich, and the distribution is relatively uniform in different months, and their natural control service is relatively strong. Especially, shelter forest and alfalfa fields should be strengthened to protect and utilize the local natural predator resources, so as to provide scientific basis for promoting the sustainable development of green agriculture.

Key words: Xinjiang, natural enemy ladybugs, diversity analysis, biological control, seasonal dynamic

中图分类号:

阿尔孜姑丽·肉孜, 丁新华, 吐尔逊·阿合买提, 付开赟, 阿地力·沙塔尔, 郭文超. 新疆北部地区农林复合生境瓢虫群落多样性及其季节动态分析[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2021, 37(4): 679-691.

AERZIGULI·Rouzi, DING Xinhua, TURSUN·Ahmat, FU Kaiyun, ADILI·Shataer, GUO Wenchao. Diversity and Seasonal Dynamics of Ladybug Communities in Agroforestry Habitats in Northern Xinjiang[J]. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 2021, 37(4): 679-691.

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