Inhibitory Effect of Dual Yeast Combination on Penicillium expansum and Patulin in Postharvest Apples

doi:10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2025.02.018

Abstract

Abstract: Postharvest blue mold, a major contributor to apple fruit decay and economic losses during storage, poses significant challenges to the fruit industry. This study investigated the synergistic effects of combining Metschnikowia zizyphicola (MZ) and Meyerozyma caribbica (MC) at a 1:1 ratio for disease suppression. The mixed yeast consortium demonstrated markedly enhanced antifungal activity compared to individual strains. In vitro co-cultivation assays revealed that the cell biomass of the mixed culture after 72 h was 59.52-fold and 16.99-fold higher than that of MZ and MC alone, respectively. Furthermore, the consortium exhibited superior colonization capacity on apple wounds, with viable cell counts 7.03-fold and 3.55-fold greater than single-strain treatments after 5 days of inoculation. Mechanistic analysis indicated that the mixed yeast enhanced apple resistance to blue mold by activating phenylpropanoid metabolism-related enzymes (e.g., PPO, POD, PAL) and elevating the accumulation of key defense metabolites, including lignin, total phenols, and flavonoids. Notably, both yeast strains exhibited potent patulin (PAT) degradation capabilities. The consortium achieved complete degradation of 10 μg/mL PAT within 24 h and demonstrated a PAT degradation rate of 70.19% in apple wounds after 8 days, surpassing individual treatments by 15.98% and 11.89%. PAT degradation was primarily attributed to intracellular enzymatic activity, which was significantly amplified by PAT induction. This study highlights the synergistic potential of yeast combinations in postharvest disease management and mycotoxin detoxification, offering a promising biocontrol strategy for sustainable fruit preservation.

Key words: apple, Penicillium expansum, antagonize yeast, patulin(PAT), degradation mechanism

CLC Number:

S476

LIN Nan, CONG Longmei, HU Junyue, ZHANG Qian, SHI Junfeng, DU Jingting. Inhibitory Effect of Dual Yeast Combination on Penicillium expansum and Patulin in Postharvest Apples[J]. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 2025, 41(2): 362-372.

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