Preparation of Wettable Powder Formulation of Trichoderma harzianum M-17 Chlamydospores and Its Field Control Effect on Potato Dry Rot

doi:10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2024.02.061

Abstract

Abstract: To development an efficient biocontrol antimicrobial agent of potato dry rot and prolong the shelf of the product, this study utilized Trichoderma harzianum M-17 as the primary research object. Single factor selection and formulation optimization were used to obtain the wettable powder (WP). The optimal formulation of WP was chlamydospore powder (20%), attapulgite (68%) as carrier, sodium dodecyl sulfonate (4%) as wetting agent, sodium carboxylcellulose (7%) as dispersion, and ascorbic acid (1%) as UV protective agent. The chlamydospore content of this WP was 3.1×10⁸ CFU/g, the wetting time was 56.5 s, the spore suspension rate was 82.27%, pH 6.79, the moisture content was 2.26%, the ratio transiting standard test sieve with 74 µm was 98%. All indicators meet the national standards. The results of field experiments showed that T. harzianum M-17 chlamydospore wettable powder could promote the growth of potato plants and indicated a good control effect on potato dry rot, with a control efficacy of 70.32% and a yield increase rate of 19.03%. This study lays a technical foundation for the development of T. harzianum M-17 chlamydospore wettable powder into a microbial fungicide for the control of potato soil-borne diseases.

Key words: Trichoderma harzianum, chlamydospores, carrier, wettable powder, control effect

CLC Number:

S476

WANG Xigang, GUO Chengjin, JIAO Yang, ZHAO Pei, TIAN Jing, ZHANG Lirong, SHEN Ruiqing. Preparation of Wettable Powder Formulation of Trichoderma harzianum M-17 Chlamydospores and Its Field Control Effect on Potato Dry Rot[J]. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 2024, 40(6): 1319-1330.

References

[1] Fiers M, Edel-Hermann V, Chatot C, et al. Potato soil-borne diseases. A review[J]. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 2012, 32(1): 93-132.
[2] Kumar R T, Ravinder K, Sanjeev S, et al. Potato dry rot disease: current status, pathogenomics and management[J]. 3 Biotech, 2020, 10(11): 503-503.
[3] 范艳玲. 马铃薯块茎对硫色镰刀菌侵染的生理和分子响应机制及StPALs的功能研究[D]. 兰州: 甘肃农业大学, 2022.
[4] 邹芳慧, 陈志强, 任卫东. 面向二十一世纪的生物农药[J]. 化学工程师, 2003(6): 44-45.
[5] 邱德文. 生物农药的发展现状与趋势分析[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2015, 31(5): 679-684.
[6] 朱兆香, 庄文颖. 木霉属研究概况[J]. 菌物学报, 2014, 33(6): 1136-1153.
[7] 张广志, 杨合同, 张新建, 等. 木霉现有种类名录[J]. 菌物学报, 2014, 33(6) : 1210-1230.
[8] 陈捷, 朱洁伟, 张婷, 等. 木霉菌生物防治作用机理与应用研究进展[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2011, 27(2): 145-151.
[9] Howell C R. Mechanisms employed by Trichoderma species in the biological control of plant disease: the history and evolution of current concepts[J]. Plant Disease, 2003, 87(1): 4-10.
[10] Sandheep R A, Jisha M S. Screening and identification of potential Trichoderma sp. against soil borne pathogens of vanilla (Vanilla planifolia)[J]. Indian Journal of Agricultural Research, 2014, 48(6): 459-464.
[11] Woo S L, Scala F, Ruocco M, et al. The molecular biologyof the interactions between Trichoderma spp., phytopathogenic fungi and plants[J]. Phytopathology, 2006, 96(2): 181-185.
[12] 刘振华, 罗远婵, 张道敬, 等. 农用微生物杀菌剂剂型研究进展[J]. 农药学学报, 2014, 16(5): 497-507.
[13] 张晶晶, 黄亚丽, 马宏, 等. 木霉厚垣孢子可湿性粉剂的研制[J]. 植物保护, 2016, 42(5): 103-109.
[14] 宋东阳, 闫畅, 张英杰, 等. 哈茨木霉Tr-9厚垣孢子形成过程中的转录组分析[J]. 分子植物育种, 2020, 18(20): 6692-6701.
[15] 潘玮. 绿色木霉厚垣孢子与分生孢子生物学特性及生防效果的比较研究[D]. 北京: 中国农业科学院, 2006.
[16] 张晶晶, 徐文, 黄亚丽, 等. 木霉Tr-92厚垣孢子可湿性粉剂的储存性能及应用效果[J]. 植物保护学报, 2017, 44(3): 495-500.
[17] 赵璐, 刘胜, 胡同乐, 等. 复合微生物菌剂对苹果再植病害的生防效果测定及拮抗菌株鉴定[J]. 植物保护学报, 2019, 46(1): 208-215.
[18] 霍雪雪, 王庆玲, 张豪, 等. 绿色木霉Tv-1511对黄瓜的促生增产作用及防病效果[J]. 南京农业大学学报, 2022, 45(3): 553-561.
[19] 陈凯, 隋丽娜, 赵忠娟, 等. 木霉共培养发酵对黄瓜枯萎病的防治效果[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2022, 38(1): 108-114.
[20] 赵兴丽, 陶刚, 娄璇, 等. 钩状木霉在辣椒根际定殖动态及其对辣椒疫病的生物防治[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2020, 22(5): 106-114.
[21] 柳春燕, 郭敏, 林学政, 等. 拟康氏木霉和枯草芽孢杆菌对黄瓜枯萎病的协同防治作用[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2005, 21(3): 206-208.
[22] Santiago D A, García-López M A, Quintero M J, et al. Effect of Trichoderma asperellum strain T34 and glucose addition on iron nutrition in cucumber grown on calcareous soils[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2013, 57: 598-605.
[23] Adzmi F, Meon S, Musa M H, et al. Preparation, characterisation and viability of encapsulated Trichoderma harzianum UPM40 in alginate- montmorillonite clay[J]. Journal of Microencapsulation, 2012, 29(3): 205-210.
[24] Mbarga J B, Begoude B A D, Ambang Z, et al. A new oil-based formulation of Trichoderma asperellum for the biological control of cacao black pod disease caused by Phytophthora megakarya[J]. Biological Control, 2014, 77: 15-22.
[25] 谭娇娇, 王喜刚, 郭成瑾, 等. 哈茨木霉M-17固体发酵及发酵产物浸提液对镰刀菌的抑制作用[J]. 西北农业学报, 2021, 30(11): 1741-1747.
[26] 黄昌华. 用琼脂玻片法测定孢子萌发率[J]. 植物保护, 1993, 3: 36-37.
[27] 中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.农药可湿性粉剂润湿性测定方法: GB/T 5451-2001[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2001.
[28] 周婷, 安立娜, 刘倩, 等. 球孢白僵菌BD–B015可湿性粉剂配方的筛选[J]. 植物保护, 2013, 39(5): 190-193.
[29] 中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局. 农药悬浮率测定方法: GB/T14825-2006[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2007.
[30] 国家林业局森林病虫害防治总站, 安徽农业大学, 中国林业科学院, 等. GB/T25864-2010[S], 球孢白僵菌粉剂. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2011.
[31] 国家技术监督局. GB/16150-1995, 农药粉剂、可湿性粉剂细度测定方法[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 1995.
[32] 刘步林. 农药剂型加工技术[M]. 第二版. 北京: 化学工业出版社, 1998: 623-685.
[33] 郭成瑾, 杨波, 王喜刚, 等. 种薯/土壤带菌对马铃薯生长及其干腐病发生的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学. 2020, 57(12): 2310-2317.
[34] 孙丽丽, 曹传旺, 薛绪亭, 等. 棘孢木霉可湿性粉剂研制及杀菌活性测定[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2015, 37(6): 45-52.
[35] 王志英, 孙丽丽, 张健, 等. 苏云金杆菌和白僵菌可湿性粉剂研制及杀虫毒力测定[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2014, 36(3): 34-41.
[36] 裴文亮, 王伟. 木霉菌厚垣孢子水分散粒剂的研制及田间应用效果[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2020, 36(2): 241-248.
[37] 陈彦云. 宁夏西吉县马铃薯贮藏期病害调查及药剂防治研究[J]. 耕作与栽培, 2007, 3: 15-16.
[38] 杨波. 西北地区马铃薯镰刀菌根腐病发生危害调查、病原菌鉴定及ISSR遗传多样性分析[D]. 银川: 宁夏大学, 2019.
[39] 乔佳慧子, 沈硕, 呼荣. 响应面法优化提高萎缩芽孢杆菌E20303抑制马铃薯干腐病病原菌活性的研究[J]. 微生物学通报, 2022, 49(7): 2411-2427.
[40] 贾鹏莉, 沈硕, 胡英杰. 一株马铃薯干腐病拮抗菌芽孢杆菌的筛选、鉴定及生防因子初探[J]. 福建农业学报, 2020, 35(12): 1336-1345.
[41] 郝玉凡, 沈硕. 抑制马铃薯干腐病菌的活性酒糟菌筛选、鉴定及抑菌活性测定[J]. 南方农业学报, 2022, 53(2): 486-496.
[42] 杨帆, 张飞燕, 孙劲冲, 等. 马铃薯真菌病害拮抗菌株鉴定及初步应用[J]. 中国蔬菜, 2019, 11: 56-62.
[43] 沈硕. 中度嗜盐菌ST77及其萃取物对马铃薯干腐病的防效及菌株鉴定[J]. 福建农林大学学报（(自然科学版), 2021, 50(4): 460-465.
[44] 肖荣凤, 刘波, 唐建阳, 等. 哈茨木霉FJAT-9040生防菌剂固体发酵及其对苦瓜枯萎病的防治效果[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2015, 31(4): 508-515.
[45] 王凯, 张开娇, 李洋洋, 等. 淡紫拟青霉·哈茨木霉微胶囊剂的制备及对苹果轮纹病菌的抑制作用[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2024, 40(2): 388-398.
[46] 潘潇涵, 常瑞雪, 慕康国, 等. VT9-3r和枯草芽孢杆菌VT4-1x对3株马铃薯致病菌的抑制作用效果[J]. 中国农业大学学报, 2020, 25(4): 72-81.
[47] 郭成瑾, 沈瑞清, 张丽荣, 等. 哈茨木霉协同秸秆对马铃薯黑痣病及根际土壤微生态的影响[J]. 核农学报, 2020, 34(7): 1447-1455.