棘孢木霉GYSW-6m1对草莓炭疽病的生防机制及其防病促生作用研究

doi:10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2020.04.020

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 探究棘孢木霉GYSW-6m1对草莓炭疽病的生防机制、盆栽防治效果及其促生作用，为筛选用于草莓炭疽病绿色防控的高效生防菌提供资源及应用技术。采用平皿培养法、显微镜观察法和盆栽灌根法测定了棘孢木霉GYSW-6m1对草莓炭疽病的生防机制、盆栽防效及其对草莓幼苗的促生效果。结果显示，棘孢木霉GYSW-6m1对草莓炭疽菌LC0220具有较强的竞争、抗生和重寄生作用，菌株GYSW-6m1能迅速占领营养空间，对峙培养3、5和7 d对病菌LC0220抑制率分别为68.06%、71.03%和79.03%，病菌LC0220在含有菌株GYSW-6m1发酵代谢产物平板上培养3、5和7 d抑菌率分别为79.18%、75.81%和76.13%，菌株GYSW-6m1挥发代谢物对病菌LC0220菌丝生长几乎没有抑制作用，菌株GYSW-6m1菌丝可通过接触、缠绕和穿透病菌LC0220的菌丝并引起菌丝消解断裂。菌株GYSW-6m1对草莓炭疽病具有较好的盆栽防治效果，处理LC0220+GYSW-6m1防效最显著，防效高达87.23%，处理GYSW-6m1（3 d）+LC0220和LC0220（3 d）+GYSW-6m1防效分别为52.72%和44.76%。棘孢木霉GYSW-6m1对草莓幼苗具有明显的促生效果，株高、根长、植株总鲜重和植株总干重均显著增加，促生率分别为7.96%、10.42%、22.54%和34.21%。棘孢木霉GYSW-6m1可以作为一种重要的生防资源用于草莓炭疽病的防治，具有一定的实用开发潜力。

关键词: 棘孢木霉, 草莓炭疽菌, 防治效果, 促生作用, 抗生作用, 重寄生

Abstract: In order to provide resources and application technologies for screening the highly effective biocontrol fungus for controlling strawberry anthracnose, the biocontrol mechanism, pot control effects of Trichoderma asperellum GYSW-6m1 against strawberry anthracnose and growth-promoting effects on strawberry seedlings were investigated by plate culture, microscopy observation and root drenching methods. The results showed that GYSW-6m1 had obvious competitive, antibiotic and hyperparasitism effects on Colletotrichum fragariae LC0220. GYSW-6m1 could quickly occupy nutritional space, and the inhibition rates of GYSW-6m1 against LC0220 in confrontation culture on 3 d, 5 d and 7 d were 68.06%, 71.03% and 79.03%, respectively. The inhibition rates of LC0220 cultured on plates with GYSW-6m1 fermentation metabolite for 3 d, 5 d and 7 d were 79.18%, 75.81% and 76.13%, respectively. Volatile metabolite of GYSW-6m1 had almost no inhibitory effects on the growth of LC0220 mycelium. The GYSW-6m1 mycelium could lead to mycelium disintegration and fracture by contacting, winding and penetrating hyphae of LC0220. GYSW-6m1 had obvious pot control effects on strawberry anthracnose. LC0220+GYSW-6m1 treatment had the highest control effect, with the efficacy up to 87.23%, followed by GYSW-6m1(3 d)+LC0220 and LC0220(3 d)+GYSW-6m1 treatments, with the efficacies of 52.72% and 44.76%, respectively. GYSW-6m1 had obvious promotion effect on strawberry growth, plant height, root length, plant total fresh weight and plant total dry weight, with the increase rate of 7.96%, 10.42%, 22.54% and 34.21%, respectively. The above results indicated that T. asperellum GYSW-6m1 had the potential to be developed as an important biocontrol agent for the prevention and control of strawberry anthracnose.

Key words: Trichoderma asperellum, Colletotrichum fragariae, control effect, growth-promoting effect, antibiosis effect, hyperparasitism

中图分类号:

S476

赵玳琳, 何海永, 吴石平, 陈小均, 谭清群, 杨学辉. 棘孢木霉GYSW-6m1对草莓炭疽病的生防机制及其防病促生作用研究[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2020, 36(4): 587-595.

ZHAO Dailin, HE Haiyong, WU Shiping, CHEN Xiaojun, TAN Qingqun, YANG Xuehui. Biocontrol Mechanisms and Control Effects of Trichoderma Asperellum GYSW-6m1 on Strawberry Anthracnose and Growth-promoting Effects on Strawberry[J]. Chinese Journal Of Biological Control, 2020, 36(4): 587-595.

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