转G2_EPSPS和GAT基因大豆栽培地生存竞争能力以及对节肢动物多样性的影响

doi:10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2020.06.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 转基因作物的全球快速发展，其对环境的安全性影响成为人们关注的热点。我国转基因大豆的发展还处于试验研究阶段，对转基因大豆环境安全性进行科学严谨评价是我国转基因大豆商业发展的有力支撑，具有非常重要的理论和实践生产意义。本研究以转G2_EPSPS和GAT双价基因抗草甘膦大豆材料GE-J16与受体材料Jack以及当地主栽品种中黄37为研究对象。采用田间栽培试验，比较其生长时期的竞争能力以及成熟期繁育和生存能力的差异，研究了转基因和非转基因大豆栽培环境生存竞争安全性；连续3年调查供试大豆品种田间节肢动物的种类与数量，分析其多样性指数、优势集中性指数、均匀性指数的动态变化，明确转基因和非转基大豆以及草甘膦除草剂对豆田节肢动物群落多样性的影响。试验结果显示，不同生育时期的3个大豆品种的株高、复叶数、田间覆盖度、繁育系数和落粒性都基本一致无差异显著性，无栽培地生存竞争优势；转基因大豆GE-J16人工除草、转基因大豆GE-J16喷施草甘膦和非转基因大豆Jack人工除草三个处理3年的节肢动物的多样性指数、均匀性指数、优势集中性指数变化趋势一致，且3个处理同一生育时期之间各指标无显著性差异，说明耐草甘膦转基因大豆以及草甘膦除草剂并不会引起豆田节肢动物群落多样性的明显变化。

关键词: 转基因耐草甘膦大豆, 生存竞争, 节肢动物, 杂草化, 多样性

Abstract: With the rapid development of transgenic crops in the world, its impact on environmental safety has become a hot topic. The development of genetically modified soybeans in China is still in the experimental research stage. The scientific and rigorous evaluation of the environmental safety of genetically modified soybeans is a strong support for the commercial development of genetically modified soybeans in China. In this study, glyphosate-resistant soybean materials GE-J16 transgenic with G2_EPSPS and GAT bivalent genes and the receptor material Jack and the local main cultivar zhonghuang 37 were used in an environmental safety assessment. The competition ability in the growth period and the difference of breeding ability and survival ability in the mature period of the lines were compared in a field test. The species and number of arthropods were investigated in the fields for 3 consecutive years to analyze the dynamic changes of the diversity index, dominant index and evenness index so as to determine the effects of transgenic and non-transgenic soybean and glyphosate herbicide on the arthropod community diversity in soybean fields. The results showed no significant differences in the plant height, compound leaf number, field coverage, breeding coefficient, and threshing properties among the three soybean varieties at different growth stages. Also, no competitive advantage was evident in cultivation sites. The arthropod diversity index, uniformity index, and dominant index showed a consistent pattern of changes in the three years field tests with genetically modified soybean GE-J16 with artificial weeding, the genetically modified soybean GE-J16 sprayed with glyphosate and the non-transgenic soybean Jack with artificial weeding, and showed no significant difference between the three treatments during the same growth period. These results indicate that glyphosate-tolerant transgenic soybeans and glyphosate herbicide did not cause significant changes in arthropod community diversity in soybean fields.

Key words: transgenic glyphosate-resistant soybean, survival competition, arthropod, weeding, diversity

中图分类号:

S435.65

赵宝广, 曹宝祥, 栾凤侠, 陶波, 李松宇, 李荣兴, 刘章雄. 转G2_EPSPS和GAT基因大豆栽培地生存竞争能力以及对节肢动物多样性的影响[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2020, 36(6): 954-962.

ZHAO Baoguang, CAO Baoxiang, LUAN Fengxia, TAO Bo, LI Songyu, LI Rongxing, LIU Zhangxiong. Survival Competition and Influence on Arthropod Diversity in Soybean Transgenic with G2-EPSPS and GAT Bivalent Genes[J]. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 2020, 36(6): 954-962.

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