稻田稗属杂草致病菌的分离与鉴定

doi:10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2021.06.026

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 稗草Echinochloa crus-galli作为稻田难以防除的恶性杂草，严重影响水稻产量。为发掘具有防治稻田稗草潜力的生防菌，本研究从江苏、广西、贵州三省采集感病稗草，采用组织分离法获得10株对稗草致病性较强的优势菌株。通过观察优势病原菌的形态特征，结合rDNA-ITS、GAPDH、EF-1α基因片段序列分析确定10株菌分别为新月弯孢Culvularia lunata、尖角突脐蠕孢Exserohilum monoceras、禾长蠕孢菌Setosphaeria rostrata、稻平脐蠕孢Bipolaris oryzae、梭形突脐蠕孢Exserohilum fusiforme、澳大利亚弯孢Curvularia australiensis、双色平脐蠕孢Bipolaris bicolor、高粱附球菌Epicoccum sorghinum、亚隔孢壳属Didymella americana和亚隔孢壳属Didymella pinodella。该研究丰富了稗草病原菌生物资源，为进一步开发稻田生物除草剂提供了新材料。

关键词: 稗草, 植物病原菌, 生防菌, 生物除草剂

Abstract: As one of the most noxious weeds in paddy fields, barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli) has seriously affected the yield of rice. In order to screen out plant pathogenic fungi with strong pathogenicity to barnyard grass and high safety to rice, the diseased barnyard grass plants were collected from Jiangsu, Guangxi and Guizhou provinces, China. As a result, ten fungi strains with high pathogenicity level were isolated with tissue separation method. Based on morphological characteristics and molecular biological evidences, ten fungi strains were identified as Culvularia lunata, Exserohilum monoceras, Setosphaeria rostrata, Bipolaris oryzae, Exserohilum fusiforme, Curvularia australiensis, Bipolaris bicolor, Epicoccum sorghinum, Didymella americana and Didymella pinodella. Five of them were isolated from barnyard grass for the first time in China. They are C. australiensis, B. bicolor, E. sorghinum, D. americana and D. pinodella. This study enriches the biological resources of barnyard grass pathogens and provides new materials for further development of biological herbicides in the paddy fields.

Key words: barnyard grass, plant pathogenic fungi, biocontrol fungi, bioherbicide

中图分类号:

S476

张亚鑫, 肖婉, 张峥, 韦佳佳, 强胜, 陈世国. 稻田稗属杂草致病菌的分离与鉴定[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2021, 37(6): 1276-1287.

ZHANG Yaxin, XIAO Wan, ZHANG Zheng, WEI Jiajia, QIANG Sheng, CHEN Shiguo. Isolation and Identification of Plant Pathogens of Barnyard Grass in the Paddy Fields[J]. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 2021, 37(6): 1276-1287.

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