高温低氧对菌核存活率和土壤微生物组成的影响

doi:10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2022.04.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 核盘菌Sclerotinia sclerotiorum可引起多种重要经济作物的菌核病,造成严重损失。降低土壤中菌核数量是防治该病害的关键。本研究分析了土壤类型、土壤温度、水分含量和氧气水平对核盘菌菌核萌发率的影响,并通过高通量测序分析了相应处理对土壤微生物组成及丰度的影响。研究发现湿润条件下,35℃低氧处理2~4周可导致土壤中核盘菌菌核100%死亡。测序结果表明,处理4周后土壤中微生物的群落结构发生了显著变化。其中15℃正常氧水平条件下,菌核周围木霉菌属Trichoderma的丰度显著增加,35℃正常氧水平芽孢杆菌属Bacillus和篮状菌属Talaromyces相对丰度显著提高,而低氧条件下狭义梭菌属Clostridiumsensu stricto 1、11、12丰度显著提高。这一发现为通过调控土壤微生态防控作物菌核病提供了依据。

关键词: 微生态调控, 核盘菌, 土壤微生物, 生物防治

Abstract: Sclerotinia diseases caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum are a group of soil borne fungal diseases that occur on a variety of crops worldwide and cause severe losses in China.The survival of sclerotia in the soil was critical to the epidemiology of these diseases and was targeted in disease management strategies.This study explored the effects of micro-environmental factors,including soil types,soil moisture,temperature and oxygen level,on the sclerotium survival of S.sclerotiorum in the soil as reflected on the germination rate on PDA plates,and analyzed the composition and relative richness of micro-organisms in the soils after these treatments via high through-put sequencing of bacterial 16s rDNA and fungal ITS.Results revealed that the sclerotium survival of S.sclerotiorum was significantly affected by temperature and soil moisture,but the effects of soil types were insignificant.Incubation at 35℃ and low oxygen conditions of sclerotia of S.sclerotiorum in moist soil resulted in 100% death after 2-4 weeks.The composition and richness of micro-organisms in the soil surrounding the sclerotia differed significantly after incubation under different temperatures and oxygen levels for 4 weeks.Generally,high temperature and low oxygen increased the richness of bacteria in the moist soil,particularly bacteria in the phyla of Firmicutes and Actinobacteriota.The relative abundances of Bacillus and Talaromyces under high temperature treatments were significantly higher than those under low temperature treatments.The relative abundance of Clostridium under low oxygen treatments was significantly higher than that under normal oxygen treatments.The findings from this study shed a light on the new approach to management of Sclerotinia diseases via manipulating soil micro-environmental conditions and soil microbe community.

Key words: manipulation of soil micro-ecosystem, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, soil microbe community, biological control

中图分类号:

S476

王嘉豪, 洪雨欣, 李聪聪, 吴波明. 高温低氧对菌核存活率和土壤微生物组成的影响[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2022, 38(4): 929-938.

WANG Jiahao, HONG Yuxin, LI Congcong, WU Boming. Effect of High Soil Temperature and Low Oxygen Level on Survival of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Sclerotia and Change of Soil Microbe Community[J]. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 2022, 38(4): 929-938.

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