苹果黄蚜天敌大草蛉与异色瓢虫的集团内捕食效应测定

doi:10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2025.01.015

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 一种害虫的多种天敌间可能存在相互捕食的现象，即集团内捕食，其强度通常受天敌龄期及集团外猎物密度的影响。本试验研究了苹果黄蚜Aphis citricola优势天敌大草蛉幼虫（Chrysopa pallens，CL）与异色瓢虫幼虫（Harmonia axyridis，HL）不同龄期组配间（CL2+HL2、CL2+HL3与CL2+HL4； CL3+HL2、CL3+HL3与CL3+HL4，前者为大草蛉）的集团内捕食，并在此基础上测定了不同苹果黄蚜（集团外猎物）密度对二者集团内捕食作用的影响。结果显示： CL2+HL2，CL3+HL2与CL3+HL3的集团内捕食水平（IL）均为1.0； CL2+HL3与CL3+HL4的IL分别为0.5和0.3。上述所有组配的集团内捕食方向指数（DI）与非对称指数（AI）均为1.0，集团内捕食者均为大草蛉幼虫。CL2+HL4的IL与AI均为1.0，但DI为0.0，集团内捕食者为异色瓢虫4龄幼虫。此外CL3+HL2与CL2+HL4在共存3 h内的IL达到1.0，是集团内捕食作用最强的组配。进一步测定发现CL3+HL2与CL2+HL4的IL均随苹果黄蚜密度升高而降低，并造成集团内捕食发生时间的延后：低密度时均为6～24 h发生，而中密度分别为6～24 h与9～24 h发生，且CL2+HL4在高密度时无集团内捕食发生。综上所述，大草蛉幼虫总体上占优势，但其与异色瓢虫幼虫间的集团内捕食强度与发生时间受龄期及集团外猎物密度的影响。本试验结果将为深入探究异色瓢虫与大草蛉间的集团内捕食作用及影响因素奠定良好基础，并对田间科学配置两种天敌防治苹果黄蚜提供重要参考。

关键词: 集团内捕食, 大草蛉, 异色瓢虫, 苹果黄蚜

Abstract: There may be mutual predation among multiple natural enemies of a pest, namely intraguild predation (IGP). The intensity of IGP is usually influenced by the developmental stages of natural enemies and the density of extraguild prey (EGP). This experiment measured the IGP between Chrysopa pallens (CL) and Harmonia axyridis (HL), two dominant natural enemies of Aphis citricola, with different combinations of larval instars (CL2+HL2, CL2+HL3 and CL2+HL4; CL3+HL2, CL3+HL3 and CL3+HL4). And then the effects of different densities of A. citricola (EGP) on IGP were also measured. The results showed that the IGP intensity (IGP level, IL) between CL2+HL2, CL3+HL2, and CL3+HL3 were all 1.0; The IL of CL2+HL3 and CL3+HL4 was 0.5 and 0.3, respectively. Direction index (DI) of IGP and asymmetry of IGP (AI) of all the above combinations were all 1.0, indicating that intraguild predator (IG predator) within above groups was C. Pallens. Both IL and AI of CL2+HL4 were 1.0, but the DI was 0.0, indicating that IG predator in this group was the 4^th instar larvae of H. axyridis. In addition, the IL of CL3+HL2 and CL2+HL4 reached 1.0 within 3 hours of coexistence, indicating that these are the strongest IGP groups. Further measurements revealed that IL in both CL3+HL2 and CL2+HL4 decreased with increasing density of A. citricola, and caused a delay in the occurrence of IGP, 6― 24 hours for the low density treatment, 6― 24 and 9― 24 hours for the medium density, and no IGP occurring in CL2+HL4 at the high density. In summary, C. Pallens larvae generally acts as a dominant predator when compared with H. axyridis, but their IGP intensity and occurrence period are influenced by the developmental stages of the predators and the density of EGP. The results of this experiment lay a solid foundation for further exploration of IGP between C. pallens and H. axyridis as well as the influencing factors and provide important references for the scientific combination of the two natural enemies in controlling A. citricola.

Key words: intraguild predation, Chrysopa pallens, Harmonia axyridis, Aphis citricola

中图分类号:

S476.2

王嘉蕾, 金社林, 孙元星, 郭建国. 苹果黄蚜天敌大草蛉与异色瓢虫的集团内捕食效应测定[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2025, 41(5): 1046-1053.

WANG Jialei, JIN Shelin, SUN Yuanxing, GUO Jianguo. Determination of the Intraguild Predation between Chrysopa pallens and Harmonia axyridis, Two Natural Enemies of Aphis citricola[J]. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 2025, 41(5): 1046-1053.

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