花生白绢病拮抗细菌的分离鉴定及其生防作用研究

doi:10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2025.02.052

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为丰富花生白绢病的生防菌资源，本研究从采自河南省延津县的花生白绢病患病荚果中通过稀释涂板和平板对峙法分离筛选到1株对花生白绢病菌齐整小核菌Sclerotium rolfsii拮抗作用明显的细菌菌株YJ02，结合形态学、生理生化和16S rRNA及gyrB基因序列分析对菌株YJ02进行鉴定，确定该菌株为贝莱斯芽胞杆菌Bacillus velezensis。通过对峙培养及无菌发酵滤液培养，探究了贝莱斯芽胞杆菌YJ02对齐整小核菌的抑菌机理；基于盆栽试验，明确了菌株YJ02的防病促生效果。菌株YJ02对齐整小核菌的平板抑菌率达83.25%，可致齐整小核菌菌丝畸形、菌核缺失，经其无菌发酵滤液处理后的齐整小核菌,单位质量菌丝的草酸、纤维素酶、果胶酶等致病酶的分泌量显著降低；对花生白绢病的盆栽防效为63.45%，且对花生植株的株高、鲜重、根长、根重均有明显的促进作用。综上所述，贝莱斯芽胞杆菌YJ02在花生白绢病的生物防治方面具有良好的应用价值。

关键词: 花生白绢病, 齐整小核菌, 贝莱斯芽胞杆菌YJ02, 生物防治

Abstract: To enrich the biocontrol bacterial resources against peanut southern blight (caused by Sclerotium rolfsii), this study isolated a strain YJ02 with strong antagonistic activity against S.rolfsii from diseased peanut pods collected in Yanjin, Henan, using dilution plating and plate confrontation assays. Through morphological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular analyses (16S rRNA and gyrB gene sequencing), strain YJ02 was identified as Bacillus velezensis. The inhibitory mechanism of B.velezensis YJ02 against S.rolfsii was investigated via dual-culture assays and cell-free fermentation filtrate tests. Additionally, pot experiments were conducted to evaluate its disease control efficacy and growth-promoting effects. Results showed that strain YJ02 exhibited an inhibition rate of 83.25% against S.rolfsii in plate assays, causing hyphal deformities and inhibiting sclerotia formation. Treatment with its sterile fermentation filtrate significantly reduced the secretion of pathogenic enzymes (oxalic acid, cellulase, and pectinase) per unit biomass of S.rolfsii. In pot trials, strain YJ02 achieved a disease control efficacy of 63.45% against peanut southern blight and notably promoted plant growth, including increases in plant height, fresh weight, root length, and root weight. In conclusion, B.velezensis YJ02 demonstrates promising potential for the biocontrol of peanut southern blight.

Key words: peanut southern blight, Sclerotium rolfsii, Bacillus velezensis YJ02, biological control

中图分类号:

S476

范腕腕, 王振宇, 张海燕, 崔小伟, 冯兰兰, 高蒙. 花生白绢病拮抗细菌的分离鉴定及其生防作用研究[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2025, 41(4): 906-915.

FAN Wanwan, WANG Zhenyu, ZHANG Haiyan, CUI Xiaowei, FENG Lanlan, GAO Meng. Isolation, Identification and Biological Control of Antagonistic Bacteria against Peanut Southern Blight[J]. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 2025, 41(4): 906-915.

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