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中国生物防治学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (5): 1018-1026.DOI: 10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2025.07.001

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    

麦田释放烟蚜茧蜂对麦蚜及天敌种群动态的影响

蒋骏1,2, 徐庆宣3, 蒋欣1, 程雨蒙1, 顾子豪1, 张勇1, 刘彦霞1, 秦耀果1,4, 豆威2, 范佳1, 陈巨莲1   

  1. 1. 中国农业科学院植物保护研究所/植物病虫害综合治理全国重点实验室, 北京 100193;
    2. 西南大学植物保护学院/昆虫学及害虫控制工程重庆市重点实验室, 重庆 400715;
    3. 北京市农林科学院植物保护研究所, 北京 100097;
    4. 中国农业大学植物保护学院昆虫学系/农业农村部作物有害生物监测与环境友好防治重点实验室, 北京 100193
  • 收稿日期:2024-10-21 发布日期:2025-10-22
  • 作者简介:蒋骏,博士研究生,Email:82101209802@caas.cn;通信作者:范佳,博士,副研究员,Email:jfan@caas.cn;豆威,博士,教授,Email:douwei80@swu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划(2023YFD1400801);植物病虫害生物学国家重点实验室开放课题(SKLOF202411)

Effects of Aphidius gifuensis Release on Population Dynamics of Wheat Aphids and its Natural Enemies in Wheat Fields

JIANG Jun1,2, XU Qingxuan3, JIANG Xin1, CHENG Yumeng1, GU Zihao1, ZHANG Yong1, LIU Yanxia1, QIN Yaoguo1,4, DOU Wei2, FAN Jia1, CHEN Julian1   

  1. 1. State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests/Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China;
    2. Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering/College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China;
    3. Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China;
    4. Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Environment- Friendly Control of Crop Pests, Ministry if Agricnltural and Rural Areas/Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
  • Received:2024-10-21 Published:2025-10-22

摘要: 烟蚜茧蜂Aphidius gifuensis为蚜虫寄生性天敌,在我国被广泛应用于烟草、蔬菜等经济作物蚜害的生物防治,该蜂也是小麦蚜虫麦长管蚜的优势寄生蜂,在麦蚜生物防治上具有良好的应用前景。本研究于2022年在河南新乡冬小麦Triticum aestivum田麦蚜发生初期连续两次释放烟蚜茧蜂,并系统调查分析放蜂处理对麦蚜与主要天敌的种群动态以及小麦产量的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,放蜂处理对麦长管蚜的有效防控提前7~10 d左右。烟蚜茧蜂对麦蚜的寄生率在第二次放蜂后13 d和16 d分别达到70.11%和72.83%,蚜虫减退率分别达到了76.55%和91.35%,均显著提高。同时,田间放蜂显著降低了麦长管蚜第二个发生高峰期(冬小麦灌浆期)虫口(下降42.50%)。放蜂后,瓢虫数量略有下降,而食蚜蝇数量有所增加。另外,调查结果显示,放蜂处理组另一麦蚜禾谷缢管蚜的种群略高于对照组,但无显著差异。总之,人工释放烟蚜茧蜂有效克服了田间自然天敌的“滞后效应”瓶颈,提高了对麦长管蚜的防控效率,有效降低了麦长管蚜种群数量。研究结果为麦长管蚜以及以麦长管蚜为优势种的麦蚜的集成优化绿色防控技术提供重要依据。

关键词: 冬小麦, 人工释放, 麦长管蚜, 禾谷缢管蚜, 寄生率, 蚜虫减退率

Abstract: Aphidius gifuensis, a parasitoid natural enemy of aphids, is widely used in China for the biological control of aphid pests on economic crops such as tobacco and vegetables. This wasp is also a dominant parasitoid for wheat aphids, particularly the grain aphid Sitobion avenae, and shows great promise in the biological control of the pests. In this study conducted in 2022 in Xinxiang, Henan Province, A. gifuensis was released twice at the initial stage of aphid occurrence in wheat Triticum aestivum fields, and the population dynamics of wheat aphids and their natural enemies as well as wheat yield were investigated. The results indicated that, compared to the control field, the onset of aphid control was about 7-10 days earlier in the fields with parasitoid release. The parasitism rate of wheat aphids by A. gifuensis reached 70.11% and 72.83% at 13 and 16 days after the second release, respectively, with wheat aphids reduced at 76.55% and 91.35%, respectively. Compared with the control, all the results above were statistically significant. Meanwhile, field releases of the parasitoid significantly reduced the aphid population during its second peak occurrence period (corresponding to the grain-filling stage of wheat) by 42.50%. After the parasitoid release, the number of lady beetles slightly decreased, while the number of hoverflies increased. Additionally, the population of another wheat aphid, the bird cherry oat aphid Rhopalosiphum padi, increased slightly in the wasp release fields than in the control, but the difference was not statistically significant. In summary, the artificial release of A. gifuensis effectively overcame the ‘lag effect’ of natural enemies in the fields, enhancing the control efficiency against the grain aphid and reducing its population. The research findings provide significant evidence for the development of biological control strategies targeting the grain aphid and other dominant wheat aphids, as well as for optimizing green pest management techniques.

Key words: winter wheat, artificially release, Sitobion avenea, Rhopalosiphum padi, parasitism rate, aphid decrease rate

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