赣北二化螟卵寄生蜂寄生率动态及其对景观结构的响应

doi:10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2021.09.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探索南方稻区二化螟卵寄生蜂生防功能、评估卵寄生蜂在田间寄生动态并探讨对不同景观结构的响应，本文采用对比盆栽稻株叶片载卵、离体新鲜稻叶载卵和滤纸卵卡比对二化螟卵寄生蜂寄生率差异；利用盆栽稻株叶片载卵调查卵寄生蜂在稻田中的寄生率季节动态变化；在5月初、7月初和9月初分别调查了在不同景观样点二化螟卵寄生蜂寄生率，对不同空间尺度下（0.2，0.5，1.0，1.5，2.0 km）景观变量与卵寄生率进行模型分析，评估不同景观变量对卵寄生率的影响。结果表明，三种诱集方法差异显著，盆栽稻株叶片载二化螟卵被寄生的比率最高，其次为离体新鲜稻叶，滤纸卵卡效果最差。田间寄生动态调查表明，早稻卵被寄生比率偏低，中稻寄生率较高，在7月中旬二化螟卵被寄生率达到高峰（66.7%），8月下旬以后，晚稻寄生率逐步下降。对不同空间尺度下景观结构变量与卵寄生率分析表明，1.5 km尺度下的林地与二化螟卵寄生蜂有着密切关系。低于40%林地面积比例时，二化螟卵寄生蜂寄生率随林地面积增加而降低；而在高于40%林地面积比例时，二化螟卵寄生率随林地面积增加而增加。综上所述，对于中国南方的小规模稻田景观，林地比例与二化螟卵寄生率有关，但相关效应并非单一地增加或减少的线性响应。研究结果可为南方稻区二化螟卵寄生蜂提供简便、有效的评估方法，并为综合利用二化螟卵寄生蜂控害功能，发展二化螟生防策略提供参考依据。

关键词: 农田景观, 二化螟, 寄生蜂, 寄生率动态, 水稻

Abstract: To explore the bio-control roles of egg parasitoids on rice striped stemborer (SSB) Chilo suppressalis in Southern rice planting areas, we evaluated the dynamics of egg parasitoids and its responses to different landscape structure. Potted rice plant, detached fresh rice leaf, and filter paper with SSB egg mass were compared for their efficiency as sentinel eggs. Field parasitism dynamics of egg parasitoids were investigated using potted rice plants with egg masses in different seasons. Further, parasitism of egg parasitoids in different landscape was investigated on May 6^th, July 1^st and September 7^th using potted rice plants with egg masses for analysis of the relationship between parasitism rate and landscape variables at five different spatial scales (0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 km radius). The results showed that potted rice plants with SSB eggs were the best as sentinel eggs, seconded by detached fresh rice leaves with SSB eggs. Field parasitism was very low on early rice, significantly increased on middle rice, peaking at 66.7% on middle July. After late August, the parasitism rate on late season rice decreased gradually. A close relationship was detected between forest area and egg parasitism rate at 1.5 km scale. When the proportion of forest area was less than 40%, parasitism rate decreased with the increasing of forest area. In contrast, when forest area was more than 40%, parasitism rate increased with the increase of forest area. In conclusion, although proportion of forest area is related to the parasitism rate of C. suppressalis eggs, however, the related effect is not a linear response. The results of this study provide a simple and effective method for evaluation of egg parasitoids of C. suppressalis in Southern rice region, and serve as a reference for the development of integrated pest management strategies by using egg parasitoids of C. suppressalis.

Key words: agricultural landscape, Chilo suppressalis, parasitoids, parasitism rate dynamics, rice

中图分类号:

S476.3

朱玉麟, 陈俊晖, 黄孝龙, 肖海军. 赣北二化螟卵寄生蜂寄生率动态及其对景观结构的响应[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2021, 37(5): 870-876.

ZHU Yulin, CHEN Junhui, HUANG Xiaolong, XIAO Haijun. Dynamics of Egg Parasitoids of Chilo suppressalis and Its Response to Landscape Structure in Northern Jiangxi[J]. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 2021, 37(5): 870-876.

参考文献

[1] Bianchi F J J A, Booij C J H, Tscharntke T. Sustainable pest regulation in agricultural landscapes:a review on landscape composition, biodiversity and natural pest control[J]. Proceedings of the Royal Society B:Biological Sciences, 2006, 273:1715-1727.
[2] Tscharntke T, Bommarco R, Clough Y, et al. Conservation biological control and enemy diversity on a landscape scale[J]. Biological Control, 2007, 43(3):294-309.
[3] 陈学新, 刘银泉, 任顺祥, 等. 害虫天敌的植物支持系统[J]. 应用昆虫学报, 2014, 51(1):1-12.
[4] Landis D A, Wratten S D, Gurr G M. Habitat management to conserve natural enemies of arthropod pests in agriculture[J]. Annual Review of Entomology, 2000, 45(1):175-201.
[5] Farina A, Bogaert J, Schipani I. Cognitive landscape and information:new perspectives to investigate the ecological complexity[J]. BioSystems, 2005, 79(1-3):235-240.
[6] Dong Z, Ouyang F, Lu F, et al. Shelterbelts in agricultural landscapes enhance ladybeetle abundance in spillover from cropland to adjacent habitats[J]. BioControl, 2015, 60(3):351-361.
[7] Yang L, Zeng Y, Xu L, et al. Change in ladybeetle abundance and biological control of wheat aphids over time in agricultural landscape[J]. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 2018, 255:102-110.
[8] Haro-Barchin E, Scheper J, Ganuza C, et al. Landscape-scale forest cover increases the abundance of Drosophila suzukii and parasitoid wasps[J]. Basic and Applied Ecology, 2018, 31:33-43.
[9] 欧阳芳, 戈峰. 农田景观格局变化对昆虫的生态学效应[J]. 应用昆虫学报, 2011, 48(5):1177-1183.
[10] 刘万才, 刘振东, 黄冲, 等. 近10年农作物主要病虫害发生危害情况的统计和分析[J]. 植物保护, 2016, 42(5):1-9, 46.
[11] Desneux N, Decourtye A, Delpuech J M. The sublethal effects of pesticides on beneficial arthropods[J]. Annual Review of Entomology, 2007, 52(1):81-106.
[12] Li X, Huang Q, Yuan J, et al. Fipronil resistance mechanisms in the rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis Walker[J]. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 2007, 89(3):169-174.
[13] 徐红星, 杨亚军, 郑许松, 等. 二十一世纪以来我国水稻害虫治理成就与展望[J]. 应用昆虫学报, 2019, 56(6):1163-1177.
[14] 肖卫平, 谈孝凤, 吴庭慧, 等. 人工释放稻螟赤眼蜂防治二化螟应用技术[J]. 中国植保导刊, 2021, 41(5):51-55.
[15] 郭震. 水稻二化螟卵寄生蜂的采集、鉴定及田间种群动态监测[D]. 长春:吉林农业大学, 2011.
[16] 司兆胜, 陈继光, 宋显东, 等. 稻螟赤眼蜂防治水稻二化螟效果初探[J]. 中国稻米, 2014, 20(4):98-100.
[17] 张俊杰, 阮长春, 臧连生, 等. 我国赤眼蜂工厂化繁育技术改进及防治农业害虫应用现状[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2015, 31(5):638-646.
[18] 宋静, 黄静, 王雷英, 等. 繁育寄主对稻螟赤眼蜂寄生行为及寄生能力的影响[J]. 昆虫学报, 2015, 58(7):783-790.
[19] 李姝, 郑和斌, 陈立玲, 等. 三种赤眼蜂对水稻二化螟田间控害效果比较[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2018, 34(3):336-341.
[20] 黄孝龙, 吴珍平, 江婷, 等. 寄生蜂对水稻二化螟生态控害功能的研究与应用[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2018, 34(1):148-155.
[21] Zou Y, De Kraker J, Bianchi F J J A, et al. Do diverse landscapes provide for effective natural pest control in subtropical rice?[J]. Journal of Applied Ecology, 2020, 57(1):170-180.
[22] 钱永庆, 曹瑞麟. 江苏省赤眼蜂种类及利用向题[J]. 昆虫天敌, 1981(4):1-5.
[23] 郭慧芳, 方继朝, 谢艳飞, 等. 不同稻螟发生区螟卵寄生蜂的自然寄生作用[J]. 中国生物防治, 2002, 18(1):13-16.
[24] Xiao Y, Wang Q, Erb M, et al. Specific herbivore-induced volatiles defend plants and determine insect community composition in the field[J]. Ecology Letters, 2012, 15(10):1130-1139.
[25] Lou Y G, Ma B, Cheng J A. Attraction of the parasitoid Anagrus nilaparvatae to rice volatiles induced by the rice brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens[J]. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2005, 31(10):2357-2372.
[26] Lu Y, Wang X, Lou Y, et al. Role of ethylene signaling in the production of rice volatiles induced by the rice brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2006, 51(20):2457-2465.
[27] 肖海军, 何海敏, 薛芳森. 二化螟滞育生物学特性的研究进展[J]. 生物灾害科学, 2012, 35(1):1-6.
[28] Christina S, Panagiotis T, Kong L H, et al. Hopper parasitoids do not significantly benefit from non-crop habitats in rice production landscapes[J]. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 2018, 254:224-232.
[29] 时敏, 唐璞, 王知知, 等. 中国寄生蜂研究及其在害虫生物防治中的应用[J]. 应用昆虫学报, 2020, 57(3):491-548.