基于功能反应模型评价利用柞蚕卵繁育东方平腹小蜂的寄生潜能

doi:10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2024.03.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 东方平腹小蜂Anastatus orientalis是防治斑衣蜡蝉Lycorma delicatula的优势寄生性天敌。为探索人工繁育东方平腹小蜂的最佳方法，本研究以柞蚕Antherea pernyi卵为寄主，测定了寄主密度和寄生蜂自身密度对东方平腹小蜂寄生量和雌性比的影响。结果表明：东方平腹小蜂对柞蚕卵的寄生比例随着寄主密度的增加而下降，寄生功能反应类型属于Holling II型，日最大寄生量为16.2粒卵。东方平腹小蜂对寄主的寻找效应随寄主密度的升高而直线降低，当柞蚕卵的密度在80～100粒/盒时，繁育出子代的雌性比最高。东方平腹小蜂的寄生作用受到较强的种内干扰，在寄主密度和寄生空间一定的情况下，单头日平均寄生量随其自身密度的升高而降低。东方平腹小蜂自身密度对子代雌性比具有显著影响，当寄生蜂为2头/盒时羽化的子代雌性比最高。东方平腹小蜂对替代寄主柞蚕卵的寄生功能反应、寻找效应、种内干扰效应和子代雌性比4项指标的测定结果表明，柞蚕卵适合作为规模化繁育东方平腹小蜂的替代寄主，可根据规模化繁育的不同需求选择适合的蜂卵比。研究结果为提高东方平腹小蜂繁殖效率以及制定其人工繁殖的技术规程提供了依据。

关键词: 东方平腹小蜂, 柞蚕, 替代寄主, 功能反应, 蜂卵比, 人工繁育

Abstract: Anastatus orientalis is an important natural enemy of Lycorma delicatula. In order to explore the optimal method for artificial reproduction of A. orientalis with Antherea pernyi eggs as the substitute host, the effects of host densities and parasitoid wasp densities on the parasitic quantity and offspring female ratio of A. orientalis were analyzed. The results showed that the parasitism ratio of A. orientalis decreased with the increase of host densities. The functional response for parasitism fitted Holling II type, with the daily maximum parasitism amount on A. pernyi was 16.2. The searching effect of parasitoid on host decreased linearly with the increase of host density, when the density of A. pernyi eggs was between 80― 100 per container, the female ratio of the offspring was the highest. The parasitism of adults was strongly affected by intraspecific interference. Under the same conditions, where the host density and parasitism space were constant, the average daily parasitism amount per parasitoid wasp decreased with the increase of its density. The density of parasitoid wasps had significant effect on the female ratio of the offspring. When the parasitoid wasps were two per container, the female ratio of the offspring was the highest. Based on the results of four indexes of functional response, search effect, intraspecific interference effect and female ratio of offspring, it is indicated that A. pernyis eggs could be used as an alternative host for the artificial rearing of A. orientalis, and the suitable host egg ratio should be selected according to the demands of large-scale reproduction. These findings may serve as reference for the mass rearing of the parasitoid and establishment of technical criterions for its artificial rearing.

Key words: Anastatus orientalis, Antherea pernyi, alternative host, functional response, parasitoid-host ratios, artificial rearing

中图分类号:

S476.3

暴可心, 党英侨, 庄宇彤, 樊梦希, 王小艺. 基于功能反应模型评价利用柞蚕卵繁育东方平腹小蜂的寄生潜能[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2025, 41(2): 260-268.

BAO Kexin, DANG Yingqiao, ZHUANG Yutong, FAN Mengxi, WANG Xiaoyi. Evaluation of Parasitic Capacity of Anastatus orientalis (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae) on Eggs of Antherea pernyi (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) Based on Functional Response Model[J]. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 2025, 41(2): 260-268.

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