木霉生防的增效路径：从机理突破到产品创新

doi:10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2026.02.019

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 木霉作为一种经典的植物根际有益真菌，既可在农业生态系统中直接拮抗病原菌，又能系统性诱导植物对病虫害产生广谱且持久的抗性，提高作物抗逆性与产量，在现代绿色农业发展中展现出巨大的应用潜力。木霉通过其与根际微生物菌群的互作，优化微生物群落结构，构建有利于植物健康的根际微环境；同时，木霉及其代谢产物作为激发子，被植物根系的免疫受体识别，进而系统性地激活植物体内的防御信号通路，上调一系列防御相关基因的表达，最终赋予作物对多种病虫害的广谱抗性。近年来，基因编辑与合成生物学技术的融合，正推动木霉菌剂的研发进入精准设计与理性改造的新阶段。通过定向增强木霉的生防性状、环境适应性与多功能协同能力，为实现作物病虫害的高效、稳定和绿色防控，开辟了前所未有的技术路径。本文系统综述了木霉诱导植物根际微生态免疫、靶向调控作用及对病虫草害的防治机理和新型产品及开发技术，梳理新型木霉生防产品开发技术，剖析木霉生防产品产业化关键技术与面临的挑战，以期为我国木霉生防产业的技术创新与升级提供理论和技术参考。

关键词: 木霉, 诱导系统抗性, 根际微生态, 生物防治, 生物农药

Abstract: As a classic beneficial rhizosphere fungus, Trichoderma not only directly antagonizes pathogens in agricultural ecosystems but also systemically induces broad-spectrum and long-lasting resistance in plants against pests and diseases, while enhancing crop resilience and yield, demonstrating significant application potential in the development of modern sustainable agriculture. Trichoderma interacts with the rhizospheric microbial community to optimize its structure and establish a rhizosphere microenvironment conducive to plant health. Meanwhile, Trichoderma or its metabolites function as elicitors, which are recognized by plant root immune receptors, thereby systemically activating defense signaling pathways within the plant and upregulating the expression of a series of defense-related genes. This process ultimately confers broad-spectrum resistance against a variety of pests and diseases in crops. In recent years, the integration of gene editing and synthetic biology technologies has been driving the development of Trichoderma-based agents into a new phase of precision design and rational modification. By directionally enhancing Trichoderma's biocontrol traits, environmental adaptability, and multifunctional synergy, unprecedented technological pathways are being opened up for the efficient, stable, and green control of crop pests and diseases. This article systematically reviews the mechanisms by which Trichoderma induces plant rhizosphere microecological immunity, its targeted regulatory effects, and its control mechanisms against pests, diseases, and weeds, along with the development of novel products and technologies. It also outlines the development technologies for new Trichoderma-based biocontrol products, analyzes the key technologies and challenges in the industrialization of Trichoderma biocontrol products, aiming to provide theoretical and technical references for the technological innovation and upgrading of China's Trichoderma biocontrol industry.

Key words: Trichoderma, induced systemic resistance (ISR), rhizosphere microbiome, biological control, Biopesticide

中图分类号:

S476

陈捷, 刘宏毅, 张成, 杨从州, 张学力. 木霉生防的增效路径：从机理突破到产品创新[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2026, 42(2): 328-340.

CHEN Jie, LIU Hongyi, ZHANG Cheng, YANG Congzhou, ZHANG Xueli. Enhancing Trichoderma Biocontrol: From Mechanistic Insights to Product Innovation[J]. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 2026, 42(2): 328-340.

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