木霉菌对黄瓜生理特性及立枯病防治效果的影响

doi:10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2021.02.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 黄瓜立枯病是由立枯丝核菌（Rizoctonia solani，简称Rs）侵染引起的苗期土传病害。本研究采用前期筛选获得的对黄瓜立枯病菌Rs具有较强拮抗作用的木霉菌，分别为棘孢木霉Trichoderma asperellum 437、哈茨木霉T.harzianum 670和752，通过盆栽试验和田间试验，测定对黄瓜幼苗的生长和生理特性、产量、品质以及立枯病防效的影响。结果显示：3株木霉菌均能显著促进黄瓜幼苗的生长，提高黄瓜幼苗的生理活性和保护性酶活性，对黄瓜立枯病的防效均在75%以上；木霉菌处理的黄瓜幼苗株高、茎粗、叶面积、根体积、全株鲜重、叶绿素含量、硝酸还原酶活性、根系活力、根系总吸收面积，以及抗逆性酶活性包括超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶、多酚氧化酶均显著高于对照。木霉与病原菌Rs共同处理的黄瓜幼苗，上述生长和生理生化指标均显著高于病原菌Rs单独处理。其中木霉670处理的黄瓜幼苗各项检测指标高于木霉437和752。此外，木霉菌处理的黄瓜单瓜重、产量、可溶性固形物含量、可溶性糖含量、Vc含量、可溶性蛋白含量均不同程度的增加。上述结果说明，本研究的3株木霉菌通过提高黄瓜幼苗生理特性和保护性酶活性，促进了幼苗生长，提高了对黄瓜立枯病的抗性，改善了黄瓜产量和品质。

关键词: 木霉菌, 黄瓜立枯病, 生理特性, 防治效果

Abstract: Cucumber damping-off is a soil-borne fungal disease at seedling stage caused by Rhizoctonia solani (abbreviated as Rs). Three antagonistic Trichoderma strains against Rhizoctonia solani were selected, namely T. asperellum 437, T. harzianum 670 and 752, and the effects of the above three Trichoderma strains on the seedlings growth, physiological characteristics, yield, quality and the control efficiency on cucumber damping-off disease by pot and field experiments were investigated in this study. The results showed that all the three Trichoderma strains significantly promoted the growth of cucumber seedlings, enhanced the physiological activities and protective enzyme activities of cucumber seedlings, and the field control effects of the three Trichoderma strains against cucumber damping-off disease were all over 75%. The plant heights, stem diameters, leaf areas, root volumes, whole plant fresh weights, chlorophyll contents, nitrate reductase activities, root activities, total root absorption areas, activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, polyphenol oxidase of cucumber seedlings treated with single Trichoderma inoculation were all significantly higher than that of control. The growth, physiological and biochemical indexes of seedlings treated with Trichoderma and Rs were significantly higher than pathogen Rs control treatment. Among the three Trichoderma strains, the promotion effect of Trichoderma 670 was higher than that of Trichoderma 437 and 752. In addition, the weights of single cucumber, cucumber yields, and the contents of soluble solid, soluble sugar, V_C and soluble protein were all increased at different levels. The results indicated that the three Trichoderma strains in this study promoted the growth of cucumber seedlings, enhanced the resistance to cucumber damping-off, and improved the yield and quality of cucumber by improving the physiological characteristics and protective enzyme activities of the cucumber.

Key words: Trichoderma, cucumber damping-off, physiological characteristics, control effects

中图分类号:

S476

马光恕, 梁枭, 李梅, 刘明鑫, 陈玉蓉, 廉华. 木霉菌对黄瓜生理特性及立枯病防治效果的影响[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2021, 37(2): 277-285.

MA Guangshu, LIANG Xiao, LI Mei, LIU Mingxin, CHEN Yurong, LIAN Hua. Effect of Trichoderma on Cucumber Damping-off and Physiological Characteristics[J]. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 2021, 37(2): 277-285.

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